Search CTL/CD8+ T-Cell Epitope Database

Found 38 matching records:

Displaying record number 52977

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp160(557-565)
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B15, B51)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Patient MHC/HLA	A3, A32, B15, B51, C*03, Cw6, DQ7, DR4, DR8
Country	Netherlands
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Flow cytometric T-cell cytokine assay
Keywords	rate of progression, escape

Notes

Both stable potential epitopes and epitopes with escape mutations were found in a patient with increasing viral load over a time period of 4 years. Fixation of escape mutations occurred sequentially and correlated with the rise in viral load and with the increased number of productively infected cells.
This is one of 17 potential epitopes from this individual, defined based on previously identified epitopes presented by appropriate HLA molecules. Full length genome sequence did not reveal changes in time in any of these epitopes over a four year period. Peptide pools initially revealed very little response to these epitopes, but this increased over time.

References

Geels2003 Mark J. Geels, Marion Cornelissen, Hanneke Schuitemaker, Kiersten Anderson, David Kwa, Jolanda Maas, John T. Dekker, Elly Baan, Fokla Zorgdrager, Remco van den Burg, Martijn van Beelen, Vladimir V. Lukashov, Tong-Ming Fu, William A. Paxton, Lia van der Hoek, Sheri A. Dubey, John W. Shiver, and Jaap Goudsmit. Identification of Sequential Viral Escape Mutants Associated with Altered T-Cell Responses in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Individual. J. Virol., 77(23):12430-12440, Dec 2003. PubMed ID: 14610167. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 54325

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(46-54)
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B15:01, B51:01, C*03:04)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Chromium-release assay, Cytokine production, HLA binding, Other
Keywords	vaccine-induced immune responses, HLA cross-presentation, HLA associated polymorphism

Notes

25 CTL epitopes with sequence conservation were studied. Population protection coverage (PPC) for 5 different ethnic groups in the US was estimated by combining HLA binding predictions and known HLA frequencies. HIV-1-naive individuals mounted a better response to the epitope pools than HIV-1 infected individuals.
A more detailed evaluation of HIV-naive T-cell responses was undertaken, limiting the study to only those peptides that are restricted to A*0201. Though the peptides could cross-recognize and bind different HLA, they were able to specifically lyse only cells of the same (A*0201) HLA-restriction. Thus, the CTL response was less degenerate than peptide binding to MHC.
In addition to the published restriction above, epitope RAIEAQQHL was predicted to be restricted by HLA B*1501, B*1517, B*5101 and C*0304.

References

Reche2006 Pedro A. Reche, Derin B. Keskin, Rebecca E. Hussey, Petronela Ancuta, Dana Gabuzda, and Ellis L. Reinherz. Elicitation from Virus-Naive Individuals of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Directed against Conserved HIV-1 Epitopes. Med. Immunol., 5:1, 2006. PubMed ID: 16674822. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 57085

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(46-54 DU422)
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Subtype	B
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B15:01, C03:04)
Immunogen	in vitro stimulation or selection
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Chromium-release assay, Tetramer binding
Keywords	dendritic cells

Notes

Three types of myeloid dendritic cells - monocytic dendritic cells, Langerhans cells, and interstitial dermal-intestinal dendritic cells - were shown to be able to prime CD8+ T-cell responses to HIV-1. Primed monocytic dendritic cells from 2 uninfected adult donors had broad primary T-cell reactivity, reacting with 15mers containing 42 known epitopes in Gag, Env, and Nef.
One of the reactive 15mers contained optimal epitope RAIEAQQHL, which was restricted by HLA B*1501 and Cw*0304.

References

Colleton2009 Bonnie A. Colleton, Xiao-Li Huang, Nada M. Melhem, Zheng Fan, Luann Borowski, Giovanna Rappocciolo, and Charles R. Rinaldo. Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Responses Induced by Myeloid Dendritic Cells. J. Virol., 83(12):6288-6299, Jun 2009. PubMed ID: 19357176. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 60087

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	Env(557-565)
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	RL9
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B*15:03)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Flow cytometric T-cell cytokine assay
Keywords	rate of progression, optimal epitope, chronic infection

Notes

Correlation between HLA class I and spontaneous control of HIV-1 was significant for 7-8 epitopes when 341 chronic, HIV-infected subjects, divided into controllers and non-controllers, were tested for EliSpot responses to 257 optimally defined epitopes. 21 epitopes were associated with viral progression. Protective epitopes tend to cluster in regions of critical stability for the protein, therefore constraining escape.
RAIEAQQHL had a significantly positive association with HLA B*1503; it was recognized by 3/14 B*1503-positive subjects and 7/220 B*1503-negative subjects.

References

Pereyra2014 Florencia Pereyra, David Heckerman, Jonathan M. Carlson, Carl Kadie, Damien Z. Soghoian, Daniel Karel, Ariel Goldenthal, Oliver B. Davis, Charles E. DeZiel, Tienho Lin, Jian Peng, Alicja Piechocka, Mary Carrington, and Bruce D. Walker. HIV Control Is Mediated in Part by CD8+ T-Cell Targeting of Specific Epitopes. J. Virol., 88(22):12937-12948, Nov 2014. PubMed ID: 25165115. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 60086

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	Env(557-565)
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	RL9
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B*49)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Flow cytometric T-cell cytokine assay
Keywords	rate of progression, optimal epitope, chronic infection

Notes

Correlation between HLA class I and spontaneous control of HIV-1 was significant for 7-8 epitopes when 341 chronic, HIV-infected subjects, divided into controllers and non-controllers, were tested for EliSpot responses to 257 optimally defined epitopes. 21 epitopes were associated with viral progression. Protective epitopes tend to cluster in regions of critical stability for the protein, therefore constraining escape.
RAIEAQQHL had a significantly positive association with HLA B*49; it was recognized by 4/12 B*49-positive subjects and 14/246 B*49-negative subjects.

References

Displaying record number 58401

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	( IIIB, MN)
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Subtype	B
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B*51)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Country	China
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, CTL suppression of replication
Keywords	rate of progression, HLA associated polymorphism, elite controllers

Notes

To study the beneficial effects of HLA-B*51 without confounding founder effects, 22 HLA-B*51+ subjects selected from a Chinese cohort of plasma-route HIV-infected individuals, without ART for 10 years, were studied. Progression to AIDS was associated with sequential mutation selection and subsequent CTL response within 3 immunodominant epitopes, in order - Pol LPPVVAKEI (LI9), followed by Gag NANPDCKTI (NI9) and then Pol TAFTIPSI (TI8). Thus a multi-layered response is suggested to be beneficial for control in B*51-carrying controllers.
The order of mutations in HIV-1 appears to be the L743I mutation at position 1 of the LI9 epitope followed by the V289L mutation at position 8 of TV8 epitope and then the A328S mutation in position 2 of the NI9 epitope.
Epitope RAIEAQQHL had a <20% frequency of recognition and a mean magnitude of >100 SFU/million PBMC when CTL response is measured by ex vivo EliSpot in HLA-B51+ subjects.

References

Zhang2011 YongHong Zhang, YanChun Peng, HuiPing Yan, Keyi Xu, Masumichi Saito, Hao Wu, XinYue Chen, Srinika Ranasinghe, Nozomi Kuse, Tim Powell, Yan Zhao, WeiHua Li, Xin Zhang, Xia Feng, Ning Li, Aleksandra Leligdowicz, XiaoNing Xu, Mina John, Masafumi Takiguchi, Andrew McMichael, Sarah Rowland-Jones, and Tao Dong. Multilayered Defense in HLA-B51-Associated HIV Viral Control. J. Immunol., 187(2):684-691, 15 Jul 2011. PubMed ID: 21670313. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 1505

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(557-565 LAI)
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	E3
Subtype	B
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B*51)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords	HAART, ART

Notes

A panel of 16 epitopes covering 15 class I alleles was tested in 14 HIV+ patients from an unselected Caucasian population treated with HAART, using CD8+ cell IFNgamma production to measure responses.
In general, during the first month of treatment viral load decreased and frequencies of HIV-specific CTL tripled and broadened -- eight new HIV specificities that were not previously detectable were newly detected, as were CMV specific CD8+ PBL -- but with continued viral suppression, HIV-specific responses diminished.
Viral rebounds gave different patterns of response: increases or decreases in pre-existing response, new specificities, or no change.

References

Mollet2000 L. Mollet, T. S. Li, A. Samri, C. Tournay, R. Tubiana, V. Calvez, P. Debre, C. Katlama, and B. Autran. Dynamics of HIV-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes with changes in viral load. J. Immunol., 165(3):1692-704, 1 Aug 2000. URL: http://www.jimmunol.org/v165n3/1692/1692-abs-frame.html. PubMed ID: 10903781. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 54521

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(557-565)
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	RL9
Subtype	A
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B51, C03)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Country	Kenya
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Cytokine production, Proliferation
Keywords	assay or method development

Notes

The authors suggest that epitope variation has different effects on the HIV- specific immune responses of effector memory T cells (Tem) and central memory T cells (Tcm). They show a lack of correlation between IFN-gamma ELISPOT (Tem typical) and proliferation (Tcm typical) assays for specific epitopes in subjects. Since proliferating CTL also correlate with high intracellular IFN-gamma levels, they surmise that proliferating Tcm differentiate to express Tem functions.
They also show that proliferating CTL numbers correlate with higher CD4 cell counts.
Several patients responded strongly to epitope variants that were not part of their autologous HIV-1 sequences. Thus they suggest more comprehensive functional characterizations than the usual overnight IFN-gamma ELISPOTs as well as assessments of Tem versus Tcm specific responses rather than general CTL immune responses.
5 variants of this index epitope RAIEAQQHL, RL9, were tested - RAIEAQQHm, RAIEAQQqm, RAIEvQQHL, RAIEgQQHL, RAIEtQQHL. The index peptide RAIEAQQHL and variant RAIEAQQHm while being most prevalent, are commonly recognized in ELISPOT but do not elicit proliferation. Conversely, the relatively rare variant RAIEvQQHL had proliferative responses more often than it was recognized by ELIspot.
RL9 has previously published restriction to HLA-Cw*03 and -B*51.

References

McKinnon2007 Lyle R. McKinnon, T. Blake Ball, Charles Wachihi, Paul J. McLaren, Jillian L. M. Waruk, Xiaojuan Mao, Sue Ramdahin, A. Omu Anzala, Jane Kamene, Ma Luo, Keith R. Fowke, and Francis A. Plummer. Epitope Cross-Reactivity Frequently Differs between Central and Effector Memory HIV-Specific CD8+ T Cells. J. Immunol., 178(6):3750-3756, 15 Mar 2007. PubMed ID: 17339473. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 806

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(557-565 IIIB)
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
		Show epitope variants
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B51)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords

Notes

HIV IIIB proteins were used to define the range of CTL epitopes recognized by 3 lab workers accidentally infected with HIV-1 IIIB.
KAIEAQQHL, a variant found in HIV-1 NY5CG, was also recognized.
RAIEAQQHM, a variant found in HIV-1 JRCSF, was also recognized.
RAIDAQQHL, a variant found in HIV-1 ETR, was also recognized.
RAIKAQQHL, a variant found in HIV-1 CDC42, was also recognized.

References

Sipsas1997 N. V. Sipsas, S. A. Kalams, A. Trocha, S. He, W. A. Blattner, B. D. Walker, and R. P. Johnson. Identification of Type-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses to Homologous Viral Proteins in Laboratory Workers Accidentally Infected with HIV-1. J. Clin. Invest., 99:752-762, 1997. To examine a situation where the autologous strain and the reference reagents would be the same, the CTL response of three lab workers accidentally infected with HIV IIIB was studied. Both group specific and type specific epitopes were targets for CTL clones. One subject had a broadening of CTL response over time, using a broad range of restricting HLA class I alleles. Characterization of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against HIV-1 has been limited by the use of target cells expressing viral proteins from laboratory isolates of HIV-1. This approach has favored identification of group-specific CTL responses and precluded assessment of the extent of type-specific CTL responses directed against HIV-1. Using cells expressing viral proteins from the HIV-1 IIIB strain, we performed a detailed characterization of HIV-1-specific CTL response in three laboratory workers accidentally infected with HIV-1 IIIB. Eight of the epitopes identified were group specific, lying in relatively conserved regions of Gag, reverse transcriptase, and envelope. Three type-specific epitopes were identified, two of them in highly variable regions of envelope. In longitudinal studies in one subject, seven different epitopes and five different restricting HLA class I alleles were identified, with a progressive increase in the number of CTL epitopes recognized by this subject over time. Our data demonstrate that type-specific CTL responses make up a significant proportion of the host cellular immune response against HIV-1 and that a broadening of epitope specificity may occur. PubMed ID: 9045880. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 1438

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(47-55)
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B51)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords

Notes

One of the 51 HIV-1 epitopes selected by Ferrari et al. as good candidate CTL epitopes for vaccines by virtue of being conserved and presented by common HLA alleles.

References

Ferrari2000 G. Ferrari, D. D. Kostyu, J. Cox, D. V. Dawson, J. Flores, K. J. Weinhold, and S. Osmanov. Identification of highly conserved and broadly cross-reactive HIV type 1 cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes as candidate immunogens for inclusion in Mycobacterium bovis BCG-vectored HIV vaccines. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 16(14):1433-43, 20 Sep 2000. PubMed ID: 11018863. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 54375

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	B51-RL9(qp41)
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B51)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ
Keywords	rate of progression, immunodominance, early-expressed proteins

Notes

Immunodominant HIV epitopes in early, primary infection of CTLs were identified and the relative contributions of immune responses restricted to individual HLA class I molecules were studied.
This epitope-HLA combination was recognized. The most frequently recognized epitopes also elicited the greatest CTL response.
HIV-1 Epitope sequence variability was not correlated with immunodominant versus immune sub-dominant responses.
HLA-B*57 and HLA-B*27 restricted responses were the strongest in these early and acute infections - due to dominant responses to a single epitope in each case (TW10 for B*57 and KK10 for B*27).
In the presence of HLA-B*57 and HLA-B*27 restricted responses, the relative contributions of other restricting HLA dropped greatly.

References

Altfeld2006 Marcus Altfeld, Elizabeth T. Kalife, Ying Qi, Hendrik Streeck, Mathias Lichterfeld, Mary N. Johnston, Nicole Burgett, Martha E. Swartz, Amy Yang, Galit Alter, Xu G. Yu, Angela Meier, Juergen K. Rockstroh, Todd M. Allen, Heiko Jessen, Eric S. Rosenberg, Mary Carrington, and Bruce D. Walker. HLA Alleles Associated with Delayed Progression to AIDS Contribute Strongly to the Initial CD8+ T Cell Response against HIV-1. PLoS Med., 3(10):e403, Oct 2006. PubMed ID: 17076553. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 809

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(557-565)
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B51)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords

Notes

This epitope can be processed by a TAP1/2 dependent mechanism.

References

Ferris1999 R. L. Ferris, C. Hall, N. V. Sipsas, J. T. Safrit, A. Trocha, R. A. Koup, R. P. Johnson, and R. F. Siliciano. Processing of HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein for Class I-Restricted Recognition: Dependence on TAP1/2 and Mechanisms for Cytosolic Localization. J. Immunol., 162:1324-1332, 1999. PubMed ID: 9973386. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 56446

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	RL9(gp41)
Subtype	B
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B51)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Country	China
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ
Keywords	chronic infection

Notes

49 ART-naive chronically HIV-1 infected Chinese subjects' CTLs were tested with 413 OLPs in IFN-γ assays, determining optimal epitopes specific for Chinese Clade B HIV-1 sequences.
An inverse correlation was found between CTL response and viral load.
Targeted peptides have lower entropy than peptides that are not CTL targeted. This correlation is independent of HLA-restriction.
Although the tested peptide sequences (IVQQQSNLLRAIEAQQHL and LRAIEAQQHLLQLTVWGI) contain the exact sequence of a previously described HLA-B51 epitope, RAIEAQQHL, none of the 15 HLA-B51 carriers responded to it (author communication and Fig.1).

References

Zhai2008 Song Zhai, Yan Zhuang, Yang Song, Shu Li, Dedong Huang, Wenzhen Kang, Xinhong Li, Qi Liao, Yanhou Liu, Zhongfang Zhao, Yichen Lu, and Yongtao Sun. HIV-1-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL) Responses Against Immunodominant Optimal Epitopes Slow the Progression of AIDS in China. Curr. HIV Res., 6(4):335-350, Jun 2008. PubMed ID: 18691032. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 54166

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(46-54 HIV-MN)
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	RL9
Subtype	B
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B*51:01)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Patient MHC/HLA	PIC1362: A02:01, A25:01, B18:01, B51:01, C01:02, C12:03
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ
Keywords	optimal epitope

Notes

T-cell immunity and the impact of selection were longitudinally studied in a patient from the time of transmission. New epitopes were detected at sites that were shown to be under positive selection. Env was found to be the major target of CTLs and most of the new epitopes were found here. One third of the sites examined were associated with epitope escape mutations from CTL. Acquisition of mutations found at high frequency in the database was suggested to be a result of reversion of CTL epitopes in the absence of immune targeting.

References

Liu2006 Yi Liu, John McNevin, Jianhong Cao, Hong Zhao, Indira Genowati, Kim Wong, Sherry McLaughlin, Matthew D. McSweyn, Kurt Diem, Claire E. Stevens, Janine Maenza, Hongxia He, David C. Nickle, Daniel Shriner, Sarah E. Holte, Ann C. Collier, Lawrence Corey, M. Juliana McElrath, and James I. Mullins. Selection on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Proteome following Primary Infection. J. Virol., 80(19):9519-9529, Oct 2006. PubMed ID: 16973556. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 59079

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(46-54)
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Subtype	B
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B*51:01)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Patient MHC/HLA	PIC1362: A02:01, A25:01, B18:01, B51:01, C01:02, C12:03
Country	United States
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ
Keywords	viral fitness and reversion

Notes

CTL responses were studied in a single drug-naive individual during the first 4 years of infection. 25 CTL epitopes were identified; 17 of them underwent evolution; 15 mutant forms that escaped or partially escaped were detected.
RAIEAQQHL was a persistent epitope, consistently present during 4 years of infection; no escape mutants were detected.

References

Liu2007a Yi Liu, John McNevin, Hong Zhao, Denis M. Tebit, Ryan M. Troyer, Matthew McSweyn, Ananta K. Ghosh, Daniel Shriner, Eric J. Arts, M. Juliana McElrath, and James I. Mullins. Evolution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitopes: Fitness-Balanced Escape. J. Virol., 81(22):12179-12188, Nov 2007. PubMed ID: 17728222. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 58144

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(46-54)
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	RL9
Subtype	B
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B*51:01)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Patient MHC/HLA	PIC1362: A02:01, A25:01, B18:01, B51:01, C01:02, C12:03
Country	United States
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ
Keywords	escape, acute/early infection

Notes

CTL responses were studied in a drug-naive patient for 4 years, beginning at the time of infection. CTL recognition of 25 epitopes was observed, and 18 of them underwent mutational changes, usually indicative of escape.
The sequence of RAIEAQQHL remained unchanged during 4 years of infection.

References

Liu2011a Yi Liu, John P. McNevin, Sarah Holte, M. Juliana McElrath, and James I. Mullins. Dynamics of Viral Evolution and CTL Responses in HIV-1 Infection. PLoS One, 6(1):e15639, 2011. PubMed ID: 21283794. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 60085

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	Env(557-565)
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	RL9
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B*52)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Flow cytometric T-cell cytokine assay
Keywords	rate of progression, optimal epitope, chronic infection

Notes

Correlation between HLA class I and spontaneous control of HIV-1 was significant for 7-8 epitopes when 341 chronic, HIV-infected subjects, divided into controllers and non-controllers, were tested for EliSpot responses to 257 optimally defined epitopes. 21 epitopes were associated with viral progression. Protective epitopes tend to cluster in regions of critical stability for the protein, therefore constraining escape.
RAIEAQQHL had a significantly positive association with HLA B*52; it was recognized by 4/12 B*52-positive subjects and 10/234 B*52-negative subjects.

References

Displaying record number 53671

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Subtype	B, C
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B57, B58, B63)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ
Keywords	HLA cross-presentation, optimal epitope, novel epitope

Notes

HLA-B63-positive subjects were shown to be able to generate CTL responses early in acute HIV infection and to control HIV replication in the absence of antiretroviral treatment. Since HLA-B63 shares the epitope binding motif of HLA-B57 and -B58, it was shown that HLA-B63-positive individuals mounted CTL responses to previously identified B57-restricted epitopes, as well as novel, B63-restricted epitopes. Moreover, these novel B63-restricted epitopes can also be presented by HLA-B57 and -B58.
This is a putative HLA-B63/57/58 epitope containing the B58 supertype binding motif. Significantly more often recognized by B63+ and B57/58+ subjects than by negative subjects. B63-RAIEAQQHL is a novel epitope.

References

Frahm2005a Nicole Frahm, Sharon Adams, Photini Kiepiela, Caitlyn H. Linde, Hannah S. Hewitt, Mathias Lichterfeld, Kaori Sango, Nancy V. Brown, Eunice Pae, Alysse G. Wurcel, Marcus Altfeld, Margaret E. Feeney, Todd M. Allen, Timothy Roach, M. Anne St. John, Eric S. Daar, Eric Rosenberg, Bette Korber, Francesco Marincola, Bruce D. Walker, Philip J. R. Goulder, and Christian Brander. HLA-B63 Presents HLA-B57/B58-Restricted Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitopes and Is Associated with Low Human Immunodeficiency Virus Load. J. Virol., 79(16):10218-10225, Aug 2005. PubMed ID: 16051815. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 60083

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	Env(557-565)
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	RL9
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B*81)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Flow cytometric T-cell cytokine assay
Keywords	rate of progression, optimal epitope, chronic infection

Notes

Correlation between HLA class I and spontaneous control of HIV-1 was significant for 7-8 epitopes when 341 chronic, HIV-infected subjects, divided into controllers and non-controllers, were tested for EliSpot responses to 257 optimally defined epitopes. 21 epitopes were associated with viral progression. Protective epitopes tend to cluster in regions of critical stability for the protein, therefore constraining escape.
RAIEAQQHL had a significantly positive association with HLA B*81; it was recognized by 5/10 B*81-positive subjects and 29/307 B*81-negative subjects.

References

Displaying record number 57044

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	Env
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	RL9
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(C*03)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, CTL neutralization assay, Chromium-release assay, Other
Keywords	elite controllers, neutralization by CTL

Notes

Relative antiviral efficacy of CD8 T-cell responses was assessed in a functional assay that measured the ability to neutralize virus in autologous CD4 T cells. CTL clones targeting diverse epitopes differed by >1000 fold in their ability to inhibit viral replication, despite similar EliSpot assay results. Cell lines stimulated with Gag epitopes neutralized HIV better than clones from the same person stimulated with Env epitopes. Greatest inhibition was observed with cell lines restricted by the protective HLA alleles B*27 and B*57.
A Cw3-RL9-specific T-cell clone was isolated from an elite controller. This clone responded to the TW10 peptide in EliSpot and chromium release assays, but had poor antiviral function against 3 HIV isolates.

References

Chen2009a Huabiao Chen, Alicja Piechocka-Trocha, Toshiyuki Miura, Mark A. Brockman, Boris D. Julg, Brett M. Baker, Alissa C. Rothchild, Brian L. Block, Arne Schneidewind, Tomohiko Koibuchi, Florencia Pereyra, Todd M. Allen, and Bruce D. Walker. Differential Neutralization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Replication in Autologous CD4 T Cells by HIV-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes. J. Virol., 83(7):3138-3149, Apr 2009. PubMed ID: 19158248. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 60084

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	Env(557-565)
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	RL9
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(C*03)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Flow cytometric T-cell cytokine assay
Keywords	rate of progression, optimal epitope, chronic infection

Notes

Correlation between HLA class I and spontaneous control of HIV-1 was significant for 7-8 epitopes when 341 chronic, HIV-infected subjects, divided into controllers and non-controllers, were tested for EliSpot responses to 257 optimally defined epitopes. 21 epitopes were associated with viral progression. Protective epitopes tend to cluster in regions of critical stability for the protein, therefore constraining escape.
RAIEAQQHL had a significantly positive association with HLA C*03; it was recognized by 11/49 C*03-positive subjects and 18/258 C*03-negative subjects.

References

Displaying record number 52331

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	Env (gp160)(557-565)
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
		Show epitope variants
Subtype	B
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(C*03:04)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords	subtype comparisons

Notes

Cross-reactive responses were found in PBMC isolated from individuals infected with either B or CRF01_AE clade viruses, as determined by Elispot assays of target cells expressing recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing HIV-1 gag, env, nef and pol from many clades.
CTL from subject US101, infected with a clade B virus, displayed broad cross-reactivity to HIV-1 clade A, B, C, D, CRF01_AE, F G, recognized this epitope. Clade B and C had a L->M change in the C-term position that was tolerated. The H clade Env was not cross-reactive, and had the sequence RAIqArQHm.

References

Currier2002b Jeffrey R Currier, Mark deSouza, Penprapa Chanbancherd, Wendy Bernstein, Deborah L Birx, and Josephine H Cox. Comprehensive Screening for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype-Specific CD8 Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes and Definition of Degenerate Epitopes Restricted by HLA-A0207 and -Cw0304 Alleles. J. Virol., 76(10):4971-4986, May 2002. PubMed ID: 11967314. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 52607

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(46-54)
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(C*03:04)
Immunogen
Experimental methods
Keywords	optimal epitope, A-list

References

Llano2019 Anuska Llano, Samandhy Cedeño, Sandra Silva Arrieta, and Christian Brander. The 2019 Optimal HIV CTL Epitopes Update: Growing Diversity in Epitope Length and HLA restriction. 2019. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 55248

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp160(557-565)
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Subtype	B
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(C*12)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Country	China
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Intracellular cytokine staining, Other
Keywords	assay or method development, optimal epitope

Notes

HLA-A11-restricted CTL epitopes in 2 male Han Chinese subjects (one ART naive and one receiving HAART) were determined. A novel epitope was discovered and 5 other putative epitopes confirmed using 425 overlapping peptides spanning the entire HIV-1 clade B proteome. By employing intracellular cytokine staining, the authors developed a new method of mapping optimal epitopes and defining their HLA restriction efficiently. In spite of its being the most common HLA type in China, A*11-restricted epitopes were recognized less frequently than other epitopes, and A*11-restricted responses formed a mean of only 13% of the responses against HIV.
This epitope, RAIEAQQHL, was detected within overlapping peptides IVQQQNNLLRAIEAQQHL and LRAIEAQQHLQLTVWGI.

References

Wang2007 Shaoyang Wang, Yongtao Sun, Song Zhai, Yan Zhuang, Shuguang Zhao, Whenzhen Kang, Xinhong Li, Dedong Huang, Xu G. Yu, Bruce D. Walker, and Marcus A. Altfeld. Identification of HLA-A11-Restricted HIV-1-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitopes in China. Curr. HIV Res., 5(1):119-128, Jan 2007. PubMed ID: 17266563. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 62527

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	Env(557-566)
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
		Show epitope variants
Epitope Name	Env-RL9
Subtype	B
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(C*12:02)
Immunogen	in vitro stimulation or selection, HIV-1 infection, virus
Patient MHC/HLA	KI-1407: A24:02, B52:01, C*12:02
Country	Japan
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Intracellular cytokine staining, Other, T2 stabilization assay
Keywords	immunodominance, variant cross-reactivity, novel epitope, chronic infection, protective allele

Notes

Fifteen peptides were identified from NL4-3-infected C*12:02 single-allele-transfected cells, revealing preferences for A (strongest), S, E, L, I, and V at the 2nd position and F, Y, L, and K at the C terminus position. One novel peptide RAIEAQQHL and 2 previously reported peptides (ILKEPVHGVYY and VARELHPEY) are immunodominant and were the only 3 peptides of 13 assessed that elicited a CTL response in 20 chronically HIV-1-infected C*12:02+ (a protective allele) subjects.
Novel epitope RAIEAQQHL was observed in HLA-peptide complexes from C*12:02-expressing cells infected with NL4-3 and is identical to corresponding clade B consensus.
Immunodominant RAIEAQQHL-specific CTL responses were elicited in 13/20 chronically HIV-1-infected C*12:02+ Japanese subjects with a significantly higher average IFNγ EliSpot result of 575 SFC/10⁶ PBMCs, relative to other assessed epitopes.
RAIEAQQHL responders and non-responders had similar plasma viral loads and CD4 T cell counts in a cohort of 40 chronically HIV-1-infected C*12:02+ Japanese subjects.
RAIEAQQHL and variant RAIEAQQHm displayed similar affinity for C*12:02 and RAIEAQQHL-specific T cells effectively cross-recognized RAIEAQQHm.

References

Chikata2019 Takayuki Chikata, Wayne Paes, Tomohiro Akahoshi, Thomas Partridge, Hayato Murakoshi, Hiroyuki Gatanaga, Nicola Ternette, Shinichi Oka, Persephone Borrow, and Masafumi Takiguchi. Identification of Immunodominant HIV-1 Epitopes Presented by HLA-C*12:02, a Protective Allele, Using an Immunopeptidomics Approach. J. Virol., 93(17), 1 Sep 2019. PubMed ID: 31217245. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 61638

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	Nef
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	Cw15-RL9
Subtype	B
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(C*15)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Country	Canada
Experimental methods	Chromium-release assay, Other
Keywords	epitope processing, escape

Notes

HIV-1 escape by an antigen processing mutation was identified and found to show impaired epitope presentation and thus recognition. This HLA-Cw*15-restricted mutation, NLL-mAIEAQQHL, at position +1, in intraepitopic sequences of epitope RAIEAQQHL, was identified by mass spectrometry, in vitro. Mutation in mAIEAQQHL alone gave an increase in epitope production. The findings were confirmed in vivo in 1,134 ART-naive subjects.

References

Zhang2012 Shao Chong Zhang, Eric Martin, Mariko Shimada, Sasha Blue Godfrey, Jennifer Fricke, Shirley Locastro, Nicole Y. Lai, Paul Liebesny, Jonathan M. Carlson, Chanson J. Brumme, Oluwatobi Awele Ogbechie, Huabiao Chen, Bruce D. Walker, Zabrina L. Brumme, Daniel G. Kavanagh, and Sylvie Le Gall. Aminopeptidase Substrate Preference Affects HIV Epitope Presentation and Predicts Immune Escape Patterns in HIV-Infected Individuals. J. Immunol., 188(12):5924-5934, 15 Jun 2012. PubMed ID: 22586036. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 52612

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(46-54)
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(C*15)
Immunogen
Experimental methods
Keywords	optimal epitope, A-list

References

Displaying record number 57852

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(46-54)
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(C*15)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Country	United Kingdom
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Flow cytometric T-cell cytokine assay, Intracellular cytokine staining
Keywords	rate of progression, early treatment

Notes

103 epitope-specific CTL responses were compared between 19 long-term ART patients who began therapy at the time of seroconversion and 15 long-term non-progressors. ART initiated at the time of seroconversion was associated with immunological features resembling long-term non-progressors.
As a representative example, ICS responses to Cw*15-restricted epitope RAIEAQQHL were examined in a long-term non-progressor.

References

Cellerai2011 Cristina Cellerai, Alexandre Harari, Hans Stauss, Sabine Yerly, Anna-Maria Geretti, Anne Carroll, Thynn Yee, Jonathan Ainsworth, Ian Williams, John Sweeney, Andrew Freedman, Margaret Johnson, Giuseppe Pantaleo, and Sabine Kinloch-de Loes. Early and Prolonged Antiretroviral Therapy Is Associated with an HIV-1-Specific T-Cell Profile Comparable to That of Long-Term Non-Progressors. PLoS One, 6(4):e18164, 2011. PubMed ID: 21483676. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 60082

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	Env(557-565)
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	RL9
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(C*15)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Flow cytometric T-cell cytokine assay
Keywords	rate of progression, optimal epitope, chronic infection

Notes

Correlation between HLA class I and spontaneous control of HIV-1 was significant for 7-8 epitopes when 341 chronic, HIV-infected subjects, divided into controllers and non-controllers, were tested for EliSpot responses to 257 optimally defined epitopes. 21 epitopes were associated with viral progression. Protective epitopes tend to cluster in regions of critical stability for the protein, therefore constraining escape.
RAIEAQQHL had a significantly positive association with HLA C*15; it was recognized by 9/24 C*15-positive subjects and 34/317 C*15-negative subjects.

References

Displaying record number 55191

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(C*15, Cw3)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Country	United States
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ
Keywords	supertype, HLA cross-presentation, optimal epitope

Notes

100 HIV-infected subjects were tested for response to optimally-defined CTL epitopes regardless of the subject's HLA type. Half of all detected responses were seen in the absence of the originally reported restricting HLA class I allele, and only 3% of epitopes were recognized exclusively in the presence of their original allele. Statistical and experimental methods were used to define additional HLA alleles associated with the epitopes.
Based on a prediction of the minimum number of HLA alleles needed to cover the HLA representation in all responders to this optimal epitope,RAIEAQQHL, a minimum set of 6 alleles was found: 2 alleles previously known to be associated (Cw03, Cw15) and 4 additional alleles (A02, A30, B58, Cw04).

References

Frahm2007b Nicole Frahm, Karina Yusim, Todd J. Suscovich, Sharon Adams, John Sidney, Peter Hraber, Hannah S. Hewitt, Caitlyn H. Linde, Daniel G. Kavanagh, Tonia Woodberry, Leah M. Henry, Kellie Faircloth, Jennifer Listgarten, Carl Kadie, Nebojsa Jojic, Kaori Sango, Nancy V. Brown, Eunice Pae, M. Tauheed Zaman, Florian Bihl, Ashok Khatri, Mina John, Simon Mallal, Francesco M. Marincola, Bruce D . Walker, Alessandro Sette, David Heckerman, Bette T. Korber, and Christian Brander. Extensive HLA Class I Allele Promiscuity among Viral CTL Epitopes. Eur. J. Immunol., 37(9):2419-2433, Sep 2007. PubMed ID: 17705138. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 54800

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(46-54)
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	RL9
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(C*15, Cw3)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods	CTL suppression of replication
Keywords	class I down-regulation by Nef

Notes

The impact of Nef on antiviral activity was studied. CTL-targeting epitopes were susceptible to the effects of Nef, both in late (Gag, RT, Env) and in early proteins (Rev, Nef), although to a lesser degree in early proteins. HLA-C-restricted CTLs (unlike HLA-A and HLA-B) were unaffected by Nef both in early (Nef) and late (Env) proteins.
Env epitope RAIEAQQHL-recognizing HLA-C restricted CTLs were unaffected by Nef.

References

Adnan2006 Sama Adnan, Arumugam Balamurugan, Alicja Trocha, Michael S. Bennett, Hwee L. Ng, Ayub Ali, Christian Brander, and Otto O. Yang. Nef Interference with HIV-1-Specific CTL Antiviral Activity Is Epitope Specific. Blood, 108(10):3414-3419, 15 Nov 2006. PubMed ID: 16882705. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 58253

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	Env
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Country	Kenya
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ
Keywords	rate of progression

Notes

To test whether CTL proliferation is a cause or result of immune protection, 31 ART-naive subjects in the chronic phase of HIV-1 infection were followed longitudinally for 121 person-years for Env-specific responses. Delayed disease progression was strongly correlated with CTL proliferation. Age, baseline viral load (VL), IFN-gamma EliSpot responses were not predictors of disease progression.
Env epitope RAIEAQQHL stimulated peak EliSpot response in 2 subjects, but did not stimulate any peak proliferation response. One of the subjects had peak proliferative response to KAIEAQQHM, and neither subject had reached disease end point.

References

McKinnon2012 Lyle R. McKinnon, Rupert Kaul, Joshua Kimani, Nico J. Nagelkerke, Charles Wachihi, Keith R. Fowke, Terry Blake Ball, and Francis A. Plummer. HIV-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Proliferation Is Prospectively Associated with Delayed Disease Progression. Immunol. Cell Biol., 90(3):346-351, Mar 2012. PubMed ID: 21606945. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 56131

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	Env
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Patient MHC/HLA	A01:01, B15:67, B81:01, C14:02, C18:01; A02:01, A29:01, B08:01, B48:05, C03:04, C15:05; A68:02, A74:01, B15:10, B49:01, C03:04, C*07:01
Country	Kenya
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Proliferation
Keywords	assay or method development

Notes

To evaluate the use of IFN-gamma ELISpot and proliferation assays, the two were compared in a cohort of HIV-1-infected Kenyan sex-workers. ELISpot does not always correlate with viral load and replication or disease progression. The exclusive use of these assays makes definition of CTL response in disease incomplete, especially for memory T cells.
Despite assaying for 24 INF-gamma and 41 proliferative responses, only 5 of these responses overlapped in the same subject. 18 peptide-epitopes including 10 epitopes and their variants were used in this study.
RAIEAQQHL did not elicit proliferation alone in any subject; but elicited ELISpot response in 3 subjects; and both responses in 1 subject.

References

McKinnon2008 Lyle R. McKinnon, T. Blake Ball, Charles Wachihi, Nyakio Chinga, Anne Maingi, Ma Luo, Keith R. Fowke, and Francis A. Plummer. Substantial Intrapatient Differences in the Breadth and Specificity of HIV-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Interferon-gamma and Proliferation Responses. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr., 49(2):123-127, 1 Oct 2008. PubMed ID: 18769359. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 805

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(557-565 IIIB)
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords	responses in children, mother-to-infant transmission

Notes

Epitope defined in the context of the Pediatric AIDS Foundation ARIEL Project, a mother-infant HIV transmission study.
RAIDAQQHL and RVIEAQQHL, naturally occurring variants, were found in mother and are recognized.

References

Walkerpercom1996 C. Wilson, B. Wilkes, D. Ruhl, and B. Walker. Personal communication, 1996. Defined in the context of the Pediatric AIDS Foundation ARIEL Project, a mother-infant HIV transmission study. Personal communication. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 53807

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp160
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
		Show epitope variants
Subtype	A, B, C, D
Species (MHC/HLA)	human
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection, vaccine
Patient MHC/HLA	A32:01, A36:01, B53:01, B81:01, C04:01, C08:04
Country	Kenya
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Other
Keywords	subtype comparisons, variant cross-reactivity

Vaccine Details

Vaccine type	vaccinia
Vaccine strain	A clade, B clade, D clade NDK, C clade consensus
Vaccine component	Env

Notes

Interclade cross-reactivity of clades A, B, C, and D was tested using recombinant vaccinia-based IFN-gamma Elispot assay. 47/74 women had a positive Elispot response to at least one clade, and cross-clade responses were frequent. Clade A responses were most frequent, as expected, as clade A dominates the Kenyan epidemic (85% of the 47 women responded to clade A Env, 74% to B, 62% to C, and 43% to D). Cross-clade CD8 T-cell responses were common and directed at conserved epitopes.
There was a greater magnitude of response to A clade peptides in individuals who responded to more than one clade; a 2-fold higher response was observed in clade A in 36% (9/25) of these individuals, and the response to A peptides was never lower. VTEEFNMWK responses were detected in 2 women that had Env responses to all 4 clades, and clade A gave the highest responses; a VnEEFNMWK variant was in clade B and D, and the clade C Env carried VnEEFNMWe. One woman also reacted with RAIEAQQHL, the other with KNCSFNMTT. RAIEAQQHL was identical in clades A, B, and D, while C carried RAIEAQQHm.

References

McKinnon2005 Lyle R. McKinnon, T. Blake Ball, Joshua Kimani, Charles Wachihi, Lucy Matu, Ma Luo, Joanne Embree, Keith R. Fowke, and Francis A. Plummer. Cross-Clade CD8+ T-Cell Responses With a Preference for the Predominant Circulating Clade. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr., 40(3):245-249, 1 Nov 2005. PubMed ID: 16249696. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 52218

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	Env(555-567 BH10, LAI)
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human
Immunogen	computer prediction
Experimental methods	Other
Keywords	computational epitope prediction, T-cell crossreactivity to human proteins

Notes

This study employs an antigenic similarity matrix to compare HIV-1 antigenic determinants with human proteins.
This CTL epitope (the HIV-1 LAI fragment with high similarity to a human protein overlapping this epitope is LLRAIEAQQHLL) has similarity with human MHC class II regulatory factor RFX1 fragment LLRLMEDQQHMA.

References

Maksiutov2002 A. Z. Maksiutov, A. G. Bachinskii, and S. I. Bazhan. [Searching for Local Similarities Between HIV-1 and Human Proteins. Application to Vaccines]. Mol Biol (Mosk), 36(3):447-459, May-Jun 2002. Article in Russian. PubMed ID: 12068630. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 810

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(557-565 IIIB)
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords	mother-to-infant transmission, escape

Notes

This study describes maternal CTL responses in the context of mother-to-infant transmission.
Detection of CTL escape mutants in the mother was associated with transmission, but the CTL-susceptible forms of the virus tended to be found in infected infants.
This epitope was invariant in both the mother and her infant.

References

Wilson1999a C. C. Wilson, R. C. Brown, B. T. Korber, B. M. Wilkes, D. J. Ruhl, D. Sakamoto, K. Kunstman, K. Luzuriaga, I. C. Hanson, S. M. Widmayer, A. Wiznia, S. Clapp, A. J. Ammann, R. A. Koup, S. M. Wolinsky, and B. D. Walker. Frequent Detection of Escape from Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Recognition in Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 Transmission: The Ariel Project for the Prevention of Transmission of HIV from Mother to Infant. J. Virol., 73:3975-3985, 1999. PubMed ID: 10196293. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 807

Download this epitope record as JSON.

HXB2 Location	gp160(557-565) gp41(46-54) DNA(7893..7919)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(557-565)
Epitope	`RAIEAQQHL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords	immunodominance

Notes

Only 4/11 HLA-A2+ HIV+ individuals had CTL that reacted to SLYNTVATL, calling into question whether it is immunodominant.
95 optimally-defined peptides from this database were used to screen for INFγ responses to other epitopes.
1/11 of the A2+ individuals was HLA A*0201, A32, B60, B78, and responded to RAIEAQQHL, previously noted to be B51.

References

Betts2000 M. R. Betts, J. P. Casazza, B. A. Patterson, S. Waldrop, W. Trigona, T.-M Fu, F. Kern, L. J. Picker, and R. A. Koup. Putative Immunodominant Human Imunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cell Responses Cannot Be Predicted by Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Haplotype. J. Virol., 74:9144-9151, 2000. PubMed ID: 10982361. Show all entries for this paper.