Search CTL/CD8+ T-Cell Epitope Database

Found 18 matching records:

Displaying record number 397

HXB2 Location	Pol(59-67) Protease(3-11) DNA(2259..2285)	Pol Epitope Map
Author Location	Protease(71-79 LAI)
Epitope	`ITLWQRPLV`	Epitope Alignment
Subtype	B
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(A6802, A7401, A19)
Immunogen
Experimental methods
Keywords	subtype comparisons

Notes

Predicted on binding motif, no truncations analyzed.
Clade A/B/D consensus, S. Rowland-Jones, pers. comm.

References

Dong1998 T. Dong. Personal Communication, 1998. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 55374

HXB2 Location	Pol(59-67) Protease(3-11) DNA(2259..2285)	Pol Epitope Map
Author Location
Epitope	`ITLWQRPLV`	Epitope Alignment
		Show epitope variants
Epitope Name	Pol 59
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(A2)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Country	Denmark
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Chromium-release assay, Flow cytometric T-cell cytokine assay, Intracellular cytokine staining
Keywords

Notes

11 HLA-A2+ (A*0201, A*0220, A*0234 or A*0236), patients' HIV were sequenced. Of 28 epitopes studied, most were conserved and elicited a subdominant CTL response. 9 epitopes in 7 proteins showed T-cell cross reaction. These epitopes were optimized to induce more immunogenic but cross-reacting responses.
Epitopes in Gag, Pol, Env, Nef were more conserved than epitopes in shorter proteins Vpu, Vif, Vpr and Rev. Most natural epitopes were untargeted or targeted by 1 or 2 patients.
Previously characterized HLA-A2 epitope, Pol 59 ITLWQRPLV, was present in 9 patients but none had a CTL immune response to it.

References

Thorn2007 Mette Thorn, Sheila Tang, Dominic Therrien, Henrik Kløverpris, Lasse Vinner, Gitte Kronborg, Jan Gerstoft, Sylvie Corbet, and Anders Fomsgaard. Sequence Conservation of Subdominant HLA-A2-Binding CTL Epitopes in HIV-1 Clinical Isolates and CD8+ T-Lymphocyte Cross-Recognition May Explain the Immune Reaction in Infected Individuals. APMIS, 115(6):757-768, Jun 2007. PubMed ID: 17550385. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 52682

HXB2 Location	Pol(59-67) Protease(3-11) DNA(2259..2285)	Pol Epitope Map
Author Location	Pol(59-)
Epitope	`ITLWQRPLV`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	Pol59
Species (MHC/HLA)	transgenic mouse(A2)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection, vaccine
Experimental methods
Keywords	binding affinity, subtype comparisons, computational epitope prediction

Vaccine Details

Vaccine type	peptide
Vaccine component	Protease
Adjuvant	Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant (IFA)

Notes

HLA-A2-restricted HIV-1 CTL epitopes were computationally predicted. Binding affinities for HLA-A*0204, immunogenicity in HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice, and responses to the peptides in 17 HIV-1 infected patients were tested. 31 novel conserved A2 epitopes were detected. An average of 4 epitopes were recognized per patient.
This peptide was an intermediate A2 binder, and induced CTL and CD8+ T-cell IFN gamma responses in mice. Responses to the peptide were not detected in 17 HIV+ HLA-A2 subjects.

References

Corbet2003 Sylvie Corbet, Henrik Vedel Nielsen, Lasse Vinner, Sanne Lauemoller, Dominic Therrien, Sheila Tang, Gitte Kronborg, Lars Mathiesen, Paul Chaplin, Søren Brunak, Søren Buus, and Anders Fomsgaard. Optimization and Immune Recognition of Multiple Novel Conserved HLA-A2, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific CTL Epitopes. J. Gen. Virol., 84(Pt 9):2409-2421, Sep 2003. PubMed ID: 12917462. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 53570

HXB2 Location	Pol(59-67) Protease(3-11) DNA(2259..2285)	Pol Epitope Map
Author Location	Pol(60-68)
Epitope	`ITLWQRPLV`	Epitope Alignment
Subtype	B
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(A28)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Patient MHC/HLA	A28, A29, B14, B44, Cw8
Country	United States
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ
Keywords

Notes

Two-thirds of all mutations arising in non-envelope proteins during the transition from acute to chronic infection were found to be due to either CD8 T-cell-associated selective pressures or reversion of HLA-I-associated mutations selected in a previous host.The predominance of escape mutations at highly polymorphic sites was observed across different HIV-1 clades.
This epitope was reactive, but escape mutations did not accrue in it over time.

References

Allen2005a Todd M. Allen, Marcus Altfeld, Shaun C. Geer, Elizabeth T. Kalife, Corey Moore, Kristin M. O'Sullivan, Ivna DeSouza, Margaret E. Feeney, Robert L. Eldridge, Erica L. Maier, Daniel E. Kaufmann, Matthew P. Lahaie, Laura Reyor, Giancarlo Tanzi, Mary N. Johnston, Christian Brander, Rika Draenert, Jurgen K. Rockstroh, Heiko Jessen, Eric S. Rosenberg, Simon A. Mallal, and Bruce D. Walker. Selective Escape from CD8+ T-Cell Responses Represents a Major Driving Force of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Sequence Diversity and Reveals Constraints on HIV-1 Evolution. J. Virol., 79(21):13239-13249, Nov 2005. PubMed ID: 16227247. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 1432

HXB2 Location	Pol(59-67) Protease(3-11) DNA(2259..2285)	Pol Epitope Map
Author Location	Pol(59-65)
Epitope	`ITLWQRPLV`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(A28)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords

Notes

One of the 51 HIV-1 epitopes selected by Ferrari et al. as good candidate CTL epitopes for vaccines by virtue of being conserved and presented by common HLA alleles.

References

Ferrari2000 G. Ferrari, D. D. Kostyu, J. Cox, D. V. Dawson, J. Flores, K. J. Weinhold, and S. Osmanov. Identification of highly conserved and broadly cross-reactive HIV type 1 cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes as candidate immunogens for inclusion in Mycobacterium bovis BCG-vectored HIV vaccines. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 16(14):1433-43, 20 Sep 2000. PubMed ID: 11018863. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 1499

HXB2 Location	Pol(59-67) Protease(3-11) DNA(2259..2285)	Pol Epitope Map
Author Location	RT(71-79 LAI)
Epitope	`ITLWQRPLV`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	P2
Subtype	B
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(A28 supertype)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords	HAART, ART, supertype

Notes

A panel of 16 epitopes covering 15 class I alleles was tested in 14 HIV+ patients from an unselected Caucasian population treated with HAART, using CD8+ cell IFNgamma production to measure responses.
In general, during the first month of treatment viral load decreased and frequencies of HIV-specific CTL tripled and broadened -- eight new HIV specificities that were not previously detectable were newly detected, as were CMV specific CD8+ PBL -- but with continued viral suppression, HIV-specific responses diminished.
Viral rebounds gave different patterns of response: increases or decreases in pre-existing response, new specificities, or no change.

References

Mollet2000 L. Mollet, T. S. Li, A. Samri, C. Tournay, R. Tubiana, V. Calvez, P. Debre, C. Katlama, and B. Autran. Dynamics of HIV-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes with changes in viral load. J. Immunol., 165(3):1692-704, 1 Aug 2000. URL: http://www.jimmunol.org/v165n3/1692/1692-abs-frame.html. PubMed ID: 10903781. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 55967

HXB2 Location	Pol(59-67) Protease(3-11) DNA(2259..2285)	Pol Epitope Map
Author Location	Protease
Epitope	`ITLWQRPLV`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	IV9(Protease)
Subtype	B
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(A68)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Country	China
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ
Keywords

Notes

49 ART-naive chronically HIV-1 infected Chinese subjects' CTLs were tested with 413 OLPs in IFN-gamma assays, determining optimal epitopes specific for Chinese Clade B HIV-1 sequences.
An inverse correlation was found between CTL response and viral load.
Targeted peptides have lower entropy than peptides that are not CTL targeted. This correlation is independent of HLA-restriction.
Previously described HLA-A68-restricted epitope ITLWQRPLV elicited an immune response in Chinese HIV-1 positive subjects as part of peptide SFSFPQITLWQRPLVTIK.

References

Zhai2008 Song Zhai, Yan Zhuang, Yang Song, Shu Li, Dedong Huang, Wenzhen Kang, Xinhong Li, Qi Liao, Yanhou Liu, Zhongfang Zhao, Yichen Lu, and Yongtao Sun. HIV-1-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL) Responses Against Immunodominant Optimal Epitopes Slow the Progression of AIDS in China. Curr. HIV Res., 6(4):335-350, Jun 2008. PubMed ID: 18691032. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 52429

HXB2 Location	Pol(59-67) Protease(3-11) DNA(2259..2285)	Pol Epitope Map
Author Location	Pol
Epitope	`ITLWQRPLV`	Epitope Alignment
Subtype	A, B, C, D
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(A*6802)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection, vaccine
Experimental methods
Keywords	subtype comparisons, epitope processing, vaccine-induced immune responses, immunodominance

Vaccine Details

Vaccine type	DNA prime with modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) boost
Vaccine strain	A clade
Vaccine component	p17 Gag, p24 Gag

Notes

The HIV-1 subtype A focused vaccine HIVA contains p24 and p17, in a reversed order relative to the Gag polyprotein to prevent myristylation of p17, which could direct the protein to the cell membrane and inhibit efficient peptide processing and class I presentation, as well as a polyepitope string of conserved, often immunodominant epitopes that were selected to have particularly good cross-reactive potential for the A-clade epidemic in Nairobi, Kenya. A DNA and MVA prime-boost vaccination protocol using the HIVA antigen will be used in a phase III clinical trial in Kenya. This epitope is included in the polyepitope string Hanke2000.
Multiple CD4+ or CD8+ T-cell vaccine-induced responses to peptide pools were detected using intracellular cytokine staining and IFNgamma Elispot assays after vaccination of 5 macaques. The response to the Mamu A*01 SIV p27 epitope p11C (CTPYDINQM), included in the polyepitope region, was not immunodominant in the Mamu A*01 vaccinated macaques, possibly because of processing limitations in context of the artificial polyepitope string Wee2002.

References

Hanke2000 Tomas Hanke and Andrew J. McMichael. Design and construction of an experimental HIV-1 vaccine for a year-2000 clinical trial in Kenya. Nat. Med., 6(9):951-955, Sep 2000. PubMed ID: 10973301. Show all entries for this paper.

Wee2002 Edmund G.-T. Wee, Sandip Patel, Andrew J. McMichael, and Tomáš Hanke. A DNA/MVA-Based Candidate Human Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine for Kenya Induces Multi-Specific T Cell Responses in Rhesus Macaques. J. Gen. Virol., 83(Pt 1):75-80, Jan 2002. PubMed ID: 11752703. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 1138

HXB2 Location	Pol(59-67) Protease(3-11) DNA(2259..2285)	Pol Epitope Map
Author Location	RT(71-79 subtype A, B, D)
Epitope	`ITLWQRPLV`	Epitope Alignment
Subtype	A, B, D
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(A*6802)
Immunogen
Experimental methods
Keywords	optimal epitope

Notes

C. Brander notes this is an A*6802 epitope.

References

Llano2019 Anuska Llano, Samandhy Cedeño, Sandra Silva Arrieta, and Christian Brander. The 2019 Optimal HIV CTL Epitopes Update: Growing Diversity in Epitope Length and HLA restriction. 2019. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 1667

HXB2 Location	Pol(59-67) Protease(3-11) DNA(2259..2285)	Pol Epitope Map
Author Location	Pol
Epitope	`ITLWQRPLV`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(A74)
Immunogen	HIV-1 exposed seronegative, HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords	HIV exposed persistently seronegative (HEPS)

Notes

ITLWQRPLV cross-reacts with clades A, B and D.
ELISPOT was used to study CTL responses to a panel of 54 predefined HIV-1 epitopes in 91 HIV-1-exposed, persistently seronegative (HEPS) and 87 HIV-1-infected female Nairobi sex workers.

References

Kaul2001a R. Kaul, T. Dong, F. A. Plummer, J. Kimani, T. Rostron, P. Kiama, E. Njagi, E. Irungu, B. Farah, J. Oyugi, R. Chakraborty, K. S. MacDonald, J. J. Bwayo, A. McMichael, and S. L. Rowland-Jones. CD8(+) lymphocytes respond to different HIV epitopes in seronegative and infected subjects. J. Clin. Invest., 107(10):1303-10, May 2001. URL: http://www.jci.org/cgi/content/full/107/10/1303. PubMed ID: 11375420. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 1140

HXB2 Location	Pol(59-67) Protease(3-11) DNA(2259..2285)	Pol Epitope Map
Author Location	RT(71-79 subtype A, B, D)
Epitope	`ITLWQRPLV`	Epitope Alignment
Subtype	A, B, D
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(A*7401)
Immunogen
Experimental methods
Keywords	optimal epitope

Notes

C. Brander notes this is an A*7401 epitope.

References

Displaying record number 58299

HXB2 Location	Pol(59-67) Protease(3-11) DNA(2259..2285)	Pol Epitope Map
Author Location	Pol-Protease(58-67)
Epitope	`ITLWQRPLV`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	IV9
Subtype	C
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(A*7401)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Country	Botswana, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Flow cytometric T-cell cytokine assay, HLA binding
Keywords	binding affinity

Notes

The contribution of an HLA-A allele to disease control of HIV-infected subjects was studied in 2126 southern African treatment-naive subjects chronically infected with HIV-clade C. Though it is in linkage disequilibrium with HLA-B*5703 for South African populations, HLA-A*7401 has an independent protective effect, lowering viral load (VL), and the effect is additive with that of HLA-B*5703. Another protective, additive effect to HLA-A*7401 was also identified - HLA-B*81.
The mechanism of action of this control of VL appears to be the selection of escapes in its presenting epitopes that reduce viral replicative capacity.
8 novel epitopes restricted by HLA-A*7401 were discovered, of which three were defined by truncations to their optimal length and efficacy.
ITLWQRPLV, epitope IV9, is the only epitope previously reported by the Los Alamos HIV database <cite>Kaul2001</cite> to bind HLA-A*7401, and here it is shown to not match motif prediction as a putative A*7401-epitope. It is also shown by EliSpot to be a low binder.

References

Kaul2001 R. Kaul, S. L. Rowland-Jones, J. Kimani, T. Dong, H. B. Yang, P. Kiama, T. Rostron, E. Njagi, J. J. Bwayo, K. S. MacDonald, A. J. McMichael, and F. A. Plummer. Late Seroconversion in HIV-Resistant Nairobi Prostitutes Despite Pre-Existing HIV-Specific CD8+ Responses. J. Clin. Invest., 107(3):341-349, Feb 2001. URL: http://www.jci.org/cgi/content/full/107/3/341. PubMed ID: 11160158. Show all entries for this paper.

Matthews2011 Philippa C. Matthews, Emily Adland, Jennifer Listgarten, Alasdair Leslie, Nompumelelo Mkhwanazi, Jonathan M. Carlson, Mikkel Harndahl, Anette Stryhn, Rebecca P. Payne, Anthony Ogwu, Kuan-Hsiang Gary Huang, John Frater, Paolo Paioni, Henrik Kloverpris, Pieter Jooste, Dominique Goedhals, Cloete van Vuuren, Dewald Steyn, Lynn Riddell, Fabian Chen, Graz Luzzi, Thambiah Balachandran, Thumbi Ndung'u, Søren Buus, Mary Carrington, Roger Shapiro, David Heckerman, and Philip J. R. Goulder. HLA-A*7401-Mediated Control of HIV Viremia Is Independent of Its Linkage Disequilibrium with HLA-B*5703. J. Immunol., 186(10):5675-5686, 15 May 2011. PubMed ID: 21498667. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 59858

HXB2 Location	Pol(59-67) Protease(3-11) DNA(2259..2285)	Pol Epitope Map
Author Location	Pol(59-67)
Epitope	`ITLWQRPLV`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	IV9
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B3502, B3503, B*5301)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Flow cytometric T-cell cytokine assay
Keywords	rate of progression, optimal epitope

Notes

Correlation between HLA class I and spontaneous control of HIV-1 was significant for 7-8 epitopes when 341 chronic, HIV-infected subjects, divided into controllers and non-controllers, were tested for EliSpot responses to 257 optimally defined epitopes. 21 epitopes were associated with viral progression. Protective epitopes tend to cluster in regions of critical stability for the protein, therefore constraining escape.
ITLWQRPLV had a significantly positive association with HLA B*3502,B*3503,B*5301; it was recognized by 6/37 B*3502,B*3503,B*5301-positive subjects and 9/304 B*3502,B*3503,B*5301-negative subjects.

References

Pereyra2014 Florencia Pereyra, David Heckerman, Jonathan M. Carlson, Carl Kadie, Damien Z. Soghoian, Daniel Karel, Ariel Goldenthal, Oliver B. Davis, Charles E. DeZiel, Tienho Lin, Jian Peng, Alicja Piechocka, Mary Carrington, and Bruce D. Walker. HIV Control Is Mediated in Part by CD8+ T-Cell Targeting of Specific Epitopes. J. Virol., 88(22):12937-12948, Nov 2014. PubMed ID: 25165115. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 59860

HXB2 Location	Pol(59-67) Protease(3-11) DNA(2259..2285)	Pol Epitope Map
Author Location	Pol(59-67)
Epitope	`ITLWQRPLV`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	IV9
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B*40)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Flow cytometric T-cell cytokine assay
Keywords	rate of progression, optimal epitope

Notes

Correlation between HLA class I and spontaneous control of HIV-1 was significant for 7-8 epitopes when 341 chronic, HIV-infected subjects, divided into controllers and non-controllers, were tested for EliSpot responses to 257 optimally defined epitopes. 21 epitopes were associated with viral progression. Protective epitopes tend to cluster in regions of critical stability for the protein, therefore constraining escape.
ITLWQRPLV had a significantly positive association with HLA B*40; it was recognized by 3/24 B*40-positive subjects and 6/280 B*40-negative subjects.

References

Displaying record number 59861

HXB2 Location	Pol(59-67) Protease(3-11) DNA(2259..2285)	Pol Epitope Map
Author Location	Pol(59-67)
Epitope	`ITLWQRPLV`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	IV9
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(C*04)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Flow cytometric T-cell cytokine assay
Keywords	rate of progression, optimal epitope

Notes

Correlation between HLA class I and spontaneous control of HIV-1 was significant for 7-8 epitopes when 341 chronic, HIV-infected subjects, divided into controllers and non-controllers, were tested for EliSpot responses to 257 optimally defined epitopes. 21 epitopes were associated with viral progression. Protective epitopes tend to cluster in regions of critical stability for the protein, therefore constraining escape.
ITLWQRPLV had a significantly positive association with HLA C*04; it was recognized by 2/42 C*04-positive subjects and 0/205 C*04-negative subjects.

References

Displaying record number 59859

HXB2 Location	Pol(59-67) Protease(3-11) DNA(2259..2285)	Pol Epitope Map
Author Location	Pol(59-67)
Epitope	`ITLWQRPLV`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	IV9
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(C*15)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Flow cytometric T-cell cytokine assay
Keywords	rate of progression, optimal epitope

Notes

Correlation between HLA class I and spontaneous control of HIV-1 was significant for 7-8 epitopes when 341 chronic, HIV-infected subjects, divided into controllers and non-controllers, were tested for EliSpot responses to 257 optimally defined epitopes. 21 epitopes were associated with viral progression. Protective epitopes tend to cluster in regions of critical stability for the protein, therefore constraining escape.
ITLWQRPLV had a significantly positive association with HLA C*15; it was recognized by 2/18 C*15-positive subjects and 2/247 C*15-negative subjects.

References

Displaying record number 59862

HXB2 Location	Pol(59-67) Protease(3-11) DNA(2259..2285)	Pol Epitope Map
Author Location	Pol(59-67)
Epitope	`ITLWQRPLV`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	IV9
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(C*17)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Flow cytometric T-cell cytokine assay
Keywords	rate of progression, optimal epitope

Notes

Correlation between HLA class I and spontaneous control of HIV-1 was significant for 7-8 epitopes when 341 chronic, HIV-infected subjects, divided into controllers and non-controllers, were tested for EliSpot responses to 257 optimally defined epitopes. 21 epitopes were associated with viral progression. Protective epitopes tend to cluster in regions of critical stability for the protein, therefore constraining escape.
ITLWQRPLV had a significantly positive association with HLA C*17; it was recognized by 2/15 C*17-positive subjects and 4/265 C*17-negative subjects.

References

Displaying record number 61263

HXB2 Location	Pol(59-67) Protease(3-11) DNA(2259..2285)	Pol Epitope Map
Author Location	Protease
Epitope	`ITLWQRPLV`	Epitope Alignment
		Show epitope variants
Subtype	B
Species (MHC/HLA)	human
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Country	Mexico, Spain
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Other
Keywords	drug resistance

Notes

Pol (PR-RT) CTL epitopes containing drug resistance (DR) mutations, but capable of eliciting immune response were found in ART-naive subjects. Most CTL response detected was to either a DR-containing or wild type (WT) peptide but not both. A majority of the 22 most-recognized peptides of the 218 tested were DR-containing. Capability of immune recognition and response to DR peptides was usually not associated with the presence of DR mutations in the infecting virus, but this association did exist for WT peptides.
WT PRotease peptide ITLWQRPLV was recognized by 5/49 patients tested. It overlaps a DR position, L10I, but those 5 subjects did not respond to the DR peptide. 10 different subjects however, did recognize DR peptide ITLWQRPiV.

References

Blanco-Heredia2016 Juan Blanco-Heredia, Aarón Lecanda, Humberto Valenzuela-Ponce, Christian Brander, Santiago Ávila-Rios, and Gustavo Reyes-Terán. Identification of Immunogenic Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Epitopes Containing Drug Resistance Mutations in Antiretroviral Treatment-Naive HIV-Infected Individuals. PLoS One, 11(1):e0147571, 2016. PubMed ID: 26808823. Show all entries for this paper.