Search CTL/CD8+ T-Cell Epitope Database

Found 56 matching records:

Displaying record number 59630

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	Env(584-592)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	EL9
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(A*23)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Flow cytometric T-cell cytokine assay
Keywords	rate of progression, optimal epitope, chronic infection

Notes

Correlation between HLA class I and spontaneous control of HIV-1 was significant for 7-8 epitopes when 341 chronic, HIV-infected subjects, divided into controllers and non-controllers, were tested for EliSpot responses to 257 optimally defined epitopes. 21 epitopes were associated with viral progression. Protective epitopes tend to cluster in regions of critical stability for the protein, therefore constraining escape.
ERYLKDQQL had a significantly positive association with HLA A*23; it was recognized by 3/21 A*23-positive subjects and 1/253 A*23-negative subjects.

References

Pereyra2014 Florencia Pereyra, David Heckerman, Jonathan M. Carlson, Carl Kadie, Damien Z. Soghoian, Daniel Karel, Ariel Goldenthal, Oliver B. Davis, Charles E. DeZiel, Tienho Lin, Jian Peng, Alicja Piechocka, Mary Carrington, and Bruce D. Walker. HIV Control Is Mediated in Part by CD8+ T-Cell Targeting of Specific Epitopes. J. Virol., 88(22):12937-12948, Nov 2014. PubMed ID: 25165115. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 59629

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	Env(584-592)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	EL9
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(A*24)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Flow cytometric T-cell cytokine assay
Keywords	rate of progression, optimal epitope, chronic infection

Notes

Correlation between HLA class I and spontaneous control of HIV-1 was significant for 7-8 epitopes when 341 chronic, HIV-infected subjects, divided into controllers and non-controllers, were tested for EliSpot responses to 257 optimally defined epitopes. 21 epitopes were associated with viral progression. Protective epitopes tend to cluster in regions of critical stability for the protein, therefore constraining escape.
ERYLKDQQL had a significantly positive association with HLA A*24; it was recognized by 7/34 A*24-positive subjects and 4/274 A*24-negative subjects.

References

Displaying record number 54520

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(584-592)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	EL9
Subtype	A
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(A32, B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Country	Kenya
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Cytokine production, Proliferation
Keywords	assay or method development

Notes

The authors suggest that epitope variation has different effects on the HIV- specific immune responses of effector memory T cells (Tem) and central memory T cells (Tcm). They show a lack of correlation between IFN-gamma ELISPOT (Tem typical) and proliferation (Tcm typical) assays for specific epitopes in subjects. Since proliferating CTL also correlate with high intracellular IFN-gamma levels, they surmise that proliferating Tcm differentiate to express Tem functions.
They also show that proliferating CTL numbers correlate with higher CD4 cell counts.
Several patients responded strongly to epitope variants that were not part of their autologous HIV-1 sequences. Thus they suggest more comprehensive functional characterizations than the usual overnight IFN-gamma ELISPOTs as well as assessments of Tem versus Tcm specific responses rather than general CTL immune responses.
6 variants of this index epitope ERYLKDQQL, EL9, were tested - ERYLqDQQL, EsYLqDQQL, EsYLKDQQL, ERYLrDQQL, ERYLtDQQL, ERYLsDQQL. EL9 has previously published restrictions to HLA-B*14 and -A*32.

References

McKinnon2007 Lyle R. McKinnon, T. Blake Ball, Charles Wachihi, Paul J. McLaren, Jillian L. M. Waruk, Xiaojuan Mao, Sue Ramdahin, A. Omu Anzala, Jane Kamene, Ma Luo, Keith R. Fowke, and Francis A. Plummer. Epitope Cross-Reactivity Frequently Differs between Central and Effector Memory HIV-Specific CD8+ T Cells. J. Immunol., 178(6):3750-3756, 15 Mar 2007. PubMed ID: 17339473. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 1506

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(584-592 HXB2)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	E4
Subtype	B
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(A32, B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords	HAART, ART

Notes

A panel of 16 epitopes covering 15 class I alleles was tested in 14 HIV+ patients from an unselected Caucasian population treated with HAART, using CD8+ cell IFNgamma production to measure responses.
In general, during the first month of treatment viral load decreased and frequencies of HIV-specific CTL tripled and broadened -- eight new HIV specificities that were not previously detectable were newly detected, as were CMV specific CD8+ PBL -- but with continued viral suppression, HIV-specific responses diminished.
Viral rebounds gave different patterns of response: increases or decreases in pre-existing response, new specificities, or no change.

References

Mollet2000 L. Mollet, T. S. Li, A. Samri, C. Tournay, R. Tubiana, V. Calvez, P. Debre, C. Katlama, and B. Autran. Dynamics of HIV-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes with changes in viral load. J. Immunol., 165(3):1692-704, 1 Aug 2000. URL: http://www.jimmunol.org/v165n3/1692/1692-abs-frame.html. PubMed ID: 10903781. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 55958

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	EL9(gp41)
Subtype	B
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(A32)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Country	China
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ
Keywords	chronic infection

Notes

49 ART-naive chronically HIV-1 infected Chinese subjects' CTLs were tested with 413 OLPs in IFN-γ assays, determining optimal epitopes specific for Chinese Clade B HIV-1 sequences.
An inverse correlation was found between CTL response and viral load.
Targeted peptides have lower entropy than peptides that are not CTL targeted. This correlation is independent of HLA-restriction.
Previously described HLA-A32-restricted epitope ERYLKDQQL elicited an immune response in Chinese HIV-1 positive subjects as part of peptide RVLAVERYLKDQQLLGIW.

References

Zhai2008 Song Zhai, Yan Zhuang, Yang Song, Shu Li, Dedong Huang, Wenzhen Kang, Xinhong Li, Qi Liao, Yanhou Liu, Zhongfang Zhao, Yichen Lu, and Yongtao Sun. HIV-1-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL) Responses Against Immunodominant Optimal Epitopes Slow the Progression of AIDS in China. Curr. HIV Res., 6(4):335-350, Jun 2008. PubMed ID: 18691032. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 55142

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(584-592)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
		Show epitope variants
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(A32, B14)
Immunogen
Experimental methods
Keywords	subtype comparisons, viral fitness and reversion

Notes

Determined the frequencies of known CD8+ and CD4+ Env epitope sequences among Brazilian HIV sequences of various subtypes.
Present in 35/50 Brazilian HIV sequences; all variants detected (ERYrKDQQL, ERYgKDQQL, and ERYqKDQQL) involved the same residue.

References

Queiroz2007 Artur Trancoso Lopo de Queiroz, Luciane Amorim Santos, Domingos Ramon Moreau, Tulio de Oliveira, David I. Watkins, Bernardo Galvão-Castro, and Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara. Identification and Characterization of Previously Described Epitopes in HIV-1 Subtypes B, C, F and BF in Brazil. Braz. J. Infect. Dis., 11(1):27-30, Feb 2007. PubMed ID: 17625722. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 57087

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(73-81 DU422)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Subtype	B
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B*08:01)
Immunogen	in vitro stimulation or selection
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Chromium-release assay, Tetramer binding
Keywords	dendritic cells

Notes

Three types of myeloid dendritic cells - monocytic dendritic cells, Langerhans cells, and interstitial dermal-intestinal dendritic cells - were shown to be able to prime CD8+ T-cell responses to HIV-1. Primed monocytic dendritic cells from 2 uninfected adult donors had broad primary T-cell reactivity, reacting with 15mers containing 42 known epitopes in Gag, Env, and Nef.
One of the reactive 15mers contained optimal epitope ERYLKDQQL, which was restricted by HLA B*0801.

References

Colleton2009 Bonnie A. Colleton, Xiao-Li Huang, Nada M. Melhem, Zheng Fan, Luann Borowski, Giovanna Rappocciolo, and Charles R. Rinaldo. Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Responses Induced by Myeloid Dendritic Cells. J. Virol., 83(12):6288-6299, Jun 2009. PubMed ID: 19357176. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 59628

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	Env(584-592)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	EL9
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B*14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Flow cytometric T-cell cytokine assay
Keywords	rate of progression, optimal epitope, chronic infection

Notes

Correlation between HLA class I and spontaneous control of HIV-1 was significant for 7-8 epitopes when 341 chronic, HIV-infected subjects, divided into controllers and non-controllers, were tested for EliSpot responses to 257 optimally defined epitopes. 21 epitopes were associated with viral progression. Protective epitopes tend to cluster in regions of critical stability for the protein, therefore constraining escape.
ERYLKDQQL had a significantly positive association with HLA B*14; it was recognized by 21/33 B*14-positive subjects and 11/308 B*14-negative subjects.

References

Displaying record number 58552

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	B14-EL9
Subtype	B
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B*14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Country	United States
Experimental methods
Keywords	review, rate of progression, acute/early infection

Notes

Acute infection with HIV-1 is accompanied by high viral load (VL) and loss of CD4 helper T cells. Early inhibition of VL by CTL results in a 'set point' that is correlated with disease progression. The early CTL response during acute infection if successful is to a known immunodominant epitope. Following, chronic infection sets in with a greater breadth and magnitude of CTL response, but no change in VL or HIV-1 replication. Immunodominant epitopes from several studies that help set a lower VL during acute phase are listed in this review.
ERYLKDQQL, B14-EL9, when restricted by HLA-B*14 is recognized by 57% acutely-infected and 50% chronically-infected North American subjects expressing the same HLA allele. HLA-B*14 is present at a frequency of 8.6% in North American white populations.

References

Streeck2010 Hendrik Streeck and Douglas F. Nixon. T Cell Immunity in Acute HIV-1 Infection. J. Infect. Dis., 202(Suppl 2):S302-8, 15 Oct 2010. PubMed ID: 20846037. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 55154

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	Env(584-592)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B*14)
Immunogen	in vitro stimulation or selection, HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods	Other
Keywords	kinetics

Notes

Experimental and mathematical models were used to estimate the number of HIV-infected cells that can be killed by CD8+ T-cells. On average, CTLs can kill from 0.7 to 3.0 cells/day.
CTL clones LWC8 and 115M21 recognize epitope ERYLKDQQL and were used to study the inhibition of HIV-1 replication in acutely infected cells in vitro.

References

Wick2005 W. David Wick, Otto O. Yang, Lawrence Corey, and Steven G. Self. How Many Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Target Cells Can a Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Kill? J. Virol., 79(21):13579-13586, Nov 2005. PubMed ID: 16227278. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 62252

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(589-597 HXB2, HIV-1 IIIB, HIV-1 MN, HIV-1 RF)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
		Show epitope variants
Subtype	B
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B*14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Patient MHC/HLA	15160: A03, A32, B14, B44
Country	United States
Experimental methods	Chromium-release assay
Keywords	autologous responses, optimal epitope

Notes

C. Brander notes that this is an A*3201 epitope in the 1999 database.
A long term non-progressor (LTNP) was studied for detailed analyses of CTL response to epitopes correlated to the subject's viral quasispecies. Epitope mapping revealed CTL response to 6 epitopes in p17, p24, RT, Env and Nef. Results show that (a) multiple epitopes were targeted simultaneously (b) viral heterogeneity/antigenic diversity is not necessary for such a multispecific CTL response (c) LTNP infection does not need to be associated with unique epitope targeting as 5/6 epitopes targeted have been seen in other subjects with disease progression (d) HIV-1-specific CTL can be highly active, disallowing viral escapes, but broadly cross-reactive (recognizing known variants) even with low viral load (VL).
A Gag-specific clone, DC4, from the LTNP subject 15160 recognized a gp120, HLA-B*14-restricted previously identified epitope, ERYLKDQQL, which overlaps previously identified RAEQASQEV. 9 aa. ERYLKDQQL is the optimal epitope.

References

Harrer1996b T. Harrer, E. Harrer, S. A. Kalams, P. Barbosa, A. Trocha, R. P. Johnson, T. Elbeik, M. B. Feinberg, S. P. Buchbinder, and B. D. Walker. Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in Asymptomatic Long-Term Nonprogressing HIV-1 Infection. Breadth and Specificity of the Response and Relation to In Vivo Viral Quasispecies in a Person with Prolonged Infection and Low Viral Load. J. Immunol., 156:2616-2623, 1996. PubMed ID: 8786327. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 53331

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	( C consensus)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Subtype	C
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B*14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Country	South Africa
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ
Keywords	characterizing CD8+ T cells

Notes

HLA class I restricted CD8+ T-cell responses against HIV-1 were analyzed in African patients. Significantly more responses were shown to be HLA-B restricted. Viral load, CD4 count, and thus rate of disease progression were also associated with HLA-B alleles. In addition, the selection pressure imposed on HIV-1 by HLA-B alleles was shown to be substantially greater than by other alleles.
This epitope was suggested to be the epitope within a longer reactive peptide based on correspondence with a known epitope in the HIV database. Also, a significantly higher frequency of people in the Durban cohort who reacted with the peptide had this HLA type.

References

Kiepiela2004 Photini Kiepiela, Alasdair J. Leslie, Isobella Honeyborne, Danni Ramduth, Christina Thobakgale, Senica Chetty, Prinisha Rathnavalu, Corey Moore, Katja J. Pfafferott, Louise Hilton, Peter Zimbwa, Sarah Moore, Todd Allen, Christian Brander, Marylyn M. Addo, Marcus Altfeld, Ian James, Simon Mallal, Michael Bunce, Linda D. Barber, James Szinger, Cheryl Day, Paul Klenerman, James Mullins, Bette Korber, Hoosen M. Coovadia, Bruce D. Walker, and Philip J. R. Goulder. Dominant Influence of HLA-B in Mediating the Potential Co-Evolution of HIV and HLA. Nature, 432(7018):769-775, 9 Dec 2004. LA-UR 04-5920. PubMed ID: 15592417. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 829

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(584-592)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords

Notes

This peptide can be processed for HLA-B14 presentation in a TAP-1/2 independent pathway.

References

Hammond1995 S. A. Hammond, R. P. Johnson, S. A. Kalams, B. D. Walker, M. Takiguchi, J. T. Safrit, R. A. Koup, and R. F. Siliciano. An Epitope-Selective Transporter Associated with Antigen Presentation TAP-1/2-Independent Pathway and a More General TAP-1/2-Dependent Antigen-Processing Pathway Allow Recognition of the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein by CD8+ CTL. J. Immunol., 154:6140-6156, 1995. Two peptide-processing pathways are utilized for MHC class I presentation of HIV-1 Env epitopes. The previously characterized TAP-1 and TAP-2 dependent pathway can generate all Env epitopes and uses Env protein mislocalized in the cytosol to produce peptides. The second, novel pathway uses a TAP-1/2 independent pathway, and allows a subset of MHC-restricted epitopes to be processed in the endoplasmic reticulum or a Golgi compartment. PubMed ID: 7538543. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 831

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(584-592)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords

Notes

CTL response to this epitope was studied in 5 HLA-B14 positive persons.
CTL responses were detected in all five, and CTL clones were isolated from 4/5.
A diverse repertoire of TCRs recognized this epitope, with similar fine specificities.
3/5 subjects showed no variation in viral sequence, 2/5 had a dominant variant that resulted in poor recognition, ERYLQDQQL.
A minor CTL response specific for the ERYLQDQQL could be detected by two individuals, but the major CTL response was to the ERYLKDQQL form even when it was the minority form.
Some single amino acid substitutions were well tolerated by most of the CTL clones tested, but others, particularly in the center three amino acid positions, abrogated peptide stimulatory activity.

References

Kalams1996 S. A. Kalams, R. P. Johnson, M. J. Dynan, K. E. Hartman, T. Harrer, E. Harrer, A. K. Trocha, W. A. Blattner, S. P Buchbinder, and B. D. Walker. T Cell Receptor Usage and Fine Specificity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Clones: Analysis of Quasispecies Recognition Reveals a Dominant Response Directed against a Minor In Vivo Variant. J. Exp. Med., 183:1699-1679, 1996. PubMed ID: 8666925. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 832

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp120(584-592)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords

Notes

This epitope is processed by both TAP1/2 dependent and independent mechanisms.

References

Ferris1999 R. L. Ferris, C. Hall, N. V. Sipsas, J. T. Safrit, A. Trocha, R. A. Koup, R. P. Johnson, and R. F. Siliciano. Processing of HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein for Class I-Restricted Recognition: Dependence on TAP1/2 and Mechanisms for Cytosolic Localization. J. Immunol., 162:1324-1332, 1999. PubMed ID: 9973386. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 1289

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41( SF2)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	EL9
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords	acute/early infection

Notes

Data from patient AC13 suggest a role for this epitope in initial control of viremia in acute infection, as it is one of several subdominant CTL epitopes recognized during the initial decline in viremia.
A CTL response to SL9, SLYNTVATL, was not evident until 18 months post-presentation.
Recognized by two A*0201-positive chronically infected subjects.

References

Goulder2001 P. J. Goulder, M. M. Addo, M. A. Altfeld, E. S. Rosenberg, Y. Tang, U. Govender, N. Mngqundaniso, K. Annamalai, T. U. Vogel, M. Hammond, M. Bunce, H. M. Coovadia, and B. D. Walker. Rapid Definition of Five Novel HLA-A*3002-Restricted Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitopes by Elispot and Intracellular Cytokine Staining Assays. J. Virol., 75(3):1339-1347, Feb 2001. URL: http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/content/full/75/3/1339. PubMed ID: 11152507. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 1490

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(584-592)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	588K
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords	HAART, ART, TCR usage

Notes

Transcript frequencies of four CTL clones from patient 115, with a chronic and stable HIV-1 infection, were tracked in a longitudinal study of samples collected 6-11 years post infection: clone M21 and E15 recognize ERYLKDQQL, and clone D87 recognizes variant ERYLQDQQL, and clone p175b recognizes the A2 epitope SLYNTVATL.
CTL clone M21 uses the Vβ 4, CDR3 VKDGA, Jβ 1.2 TCR beta gene, and clone E15 uses the Vβ 4, CDR3 VEDWGGAS Jβ 2.1 TCR beta gene, and D87 uses Vβ8, ALNRVD, Jβ2.1.
Responses were stable even through HAART with undetectable viral loads but frequencies varied over time by 100-fold, ranging from 0.012% of the total population for SLYNTVATL at its lowest point to 3.78% for M21, with the relative frequencies of clones shifting over time.

References

Islam2001 S. A. Islam, C. M. Hay, K. E. Hartman, S. He, A. K. Shea, A. K. Trocha, M. J. Dynan, N. Reshamwala, S. P. Buchbinder, N. O. Basgoz, and S. A. Kalams. Persistence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte clones in a subject with rapid disease progression. J. Virol., 75(10):4907-11, May 2001. URL: http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/content/full/75/10/4907. PubMed ID: 11312363. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 1526

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(589-597 SF2)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords	HAART, ART, acute/early infection

Notes

Therapy provided during acute infection resulted in a narrower CTL response, stronger T help response, and a less diverse viral population than was seen in individuals treated during chronic infection.
The breadth and specificity of the response was determined using ELISPOT by studying 19 individuals with pre-seroconversion therapy (Group 1), 11 individuals with primary infection but post-seroconversion therapy (Group 2), and 10 individuals who responded to HAART given during chronic infection (Group 3), using 259 overlapping peptides spanning p17, p24, RT, gp41, gp120 and Nef.
Previously described and newly defined optimal epitopes were tested for CTL response.
Number of HLA-B14+ individuals that had a CTL response to this epitope broken down by group: 3/3 group 1, 1/2 group 2, and 0/0 group 3.

References

Altfeld2001b M. Altfeld, E. S. Rosenberg, R. Shankarappa, J. S. Mukherjee, F. M. Hecht, R. L. Eldridge, M. M. Addo, S. H. Poon, M. N. Phillips, G. K. Robbins, P. E. Sax, S. Boswell, J. O. Kahn, C. Brander, P. J. Goulder, J. A. Levy, J. I. Mullins, and B. D. Walker. Cellular immune responses and viral diversity in individuals treated during acute and early HIV-1 infection. J. Exp. Med., 193(2):169-80, 15 Jan 2001. URL: http://www.jem.org/cgi/content/full/193/2/169. PubMed ID: 11148221. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 1758

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41( JRCSF)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Subtype	B
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords

Notes

Primary HLA-B14+ CD4+ CD3+ and HLA-mismatched lymphocytes from uninfected donors were infected with JRCSF after isolation then cocultured with the B14-restricted CTL clone 15160/D75 specific for ERYLKDQQL, and viral inhibition was MHC-restricted.
Primary monocytes and monocyte-derived DC were generated from the same donors, replication of HIV-1 in these cell types was less efficient than in lymphocytes and could also be inhibited by MHC-restricted CTL.
DC-lymphocyte cluster cultures allowed vigorous viral replication and MHC-restricted CTL viral inhibition was blunted or lost depending on the ratio of DC to CD4+ lymphocyte in the culture.

References

Severino2000 M. E. Severino, N. V. Sipsas, P. T. Nguyen, S. A. Kalams, B. D. Walker, R. P. Johnson, and O. O. Yang. Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in primary CD4(+) T lymphocytes, monocytes, and dendritic cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J. Virol., 74(14):6695-9, Jul 2000. URL: http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/content/full/74/14/6695. PubMed ID: 10864688. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 1846

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41( SF2)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords

Notes

This epitope was mapped by ELISPOT in a study identifying new HLA-B60 epitopes, and was one of the epitopes presented by another HLA molecule in an HLA-B60 individual.

References

Altfeld2000 M. A. Altfeld, A. Trocha, R. L. Eldridge, E. S. Rosenberg, M. N. Phillips, M. M. Addo, R. P. Sekaly, S. A. Kalams, S. A. Burchett, K. McIntosh, B. D. Walker, and P. J. Goulder. Identification of dominant optimal HLA-B60- and HLA-B61-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes: rapid characterization of CTL responses by enzyme-linked immunospot assay. J. Virol., 74:8541, 2000. PubMed ID: 10954555. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 52205

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	Env(589-597)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords	early-expressed proteins, kinetics

Notes

An early-expressed Nef protein was modified to contain Env and Pol epitopes to enable the study the effect of expression kinetics on CTL mediated suppression of replication. The "EpiNef" construct was inserted into a recombinant vaccinia virus which was used to infect a target cell line; the target cells were lysed by CTL clones specific for the Env and Pol epitopes indicating that they were properly processed.

References

Guillon2002a Christophe Guillon, Carel A. van Baalen, Patrick H. M. Boers, Esther J. Verschuren, Rob A. Gruters, and Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus. Construction and Characterisation of Infectious Recombinant HIV-1 Clones Containing CTL Epitopes from Structural Proteins in Nef. J Virol Methods, 99(1-2):115-121, Jan 2002. PubMed ID: 11684309. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 52238

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(584-592)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords	class I down-regulation by Nef

Notes

Nef down-modulates class I protein expression, and this study demonstrates directly that Nef-deleted HIV-1 NL-43 can be more effectively killed in vitro than NL-43 with an intact Nef. The effect was shown to be specific for class I presentation of epitopes, and unlike Nef, deleting Vpr did not alter CTL susceptibility of NL43 infected cells. The CTL clone 15160D75, specific for the class I B14 presented epitope ERYLKDQQL, was one of four used in this study.

References

Yang2002 Xinzhen Yang, Juliette Lee, Erin M. Mahony, Peter D. Kwong, Richard Wyatt, and Joseph Sodroski. Highly Stable Trimers Formed by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoproteins Fused with the Trimeric Motif of T4 Bacteriophage Fibritin. J. Virol., 76(9):4634-4642, 1 May 2002. PubMed ID: 11932429. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 52269

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	B14-EL9(gp41)
Subtype	B
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Patient MHC/HLA	A32, B14, B7
Experimental methods
Keywords	HAART, ART, supervised treatment interruptions (STI)

Notes

Peripheral blood (PB) and lymph node (LN) CD8+ T-cell responses were compared in 15 asymptomatic HIV-1 infected patients using all known optimal CTL epitopes (http://hiv-web.lanl.gov/content/hiv-db/REVIEWS/brander2001.html) for each person's class I HLA alleles.
60 epitope responses were detected in both PB and LN samples of the 15 patients, and an additional 8 responses were detected only in LN. The total magnitude of the response was similar in LN and PB, but the percentage of CD8+ T cells in the LN is lower so the number of HIV-specific cells per million CD8+ T-cells is higher in the LN.
1 year post-HAART treatment in five patients studied, the magnitude of the CD8 T-cell response was decreased in both LN and PB, but more dramatically in PB, and 13/25 epitope responses in the PB became undetectable, in contrast to 5/26 in the LN.
Treatment interruption following HAART resulted in increased viremia accompanied by the restoration of the detection of 13 epitopes that had become undetectable in the PB, and the addition of 9 novel epitope responses.
Breakdowns of epitope responses were shown for 4 individuals. Patient A displayed the greatest response to epitope B14-EL9(gp41), a strong response to B7-TL9(p24), and responses to B7-TM9(Nef) and A32-PW10(RT).

References

Altfeld2002 Marcus Altfeld, Jan van Lunzen, Nicole Frahm, Xu G. Yu, Claus Schneider, Robert L. Eldridge, Margaret E. Feeney, Dirk Meyer-Olson, Hans-Juergen Stellbrink, and Bruce D. Walker. Expansion of Pre-existing, Lymph Node-localized CD8+ T Cells During Supervised Treatment Interruptions in Chronic HIV-1 Infection. J. Clin. Invest., 109(6):837-843, Mar 2002. PubMed ID: 11901192. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 52430

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Subtype	A, B, C, D
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection, vaccine
Experimental methods
Keywords	subtype comparisons, epitope processing, vaccine-induced immune responses, immunodominance

Vaccine Details

Vaccine type	DNA prime with modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) boost
Vaccine strain	A clade
Vaccine component	p17 Gag, p24 Gag

Notes

The HIV-1 subtype A focused vaccine HIVA contains p24 and p17, in a reversed order relative to the Gag polyprotein to prevent myristylation of p17, which could direct the protein to the cell membrane and inhibit efficient peptide processing and class I presentation, as well as a polyepitope string of conserved, often immunodominant epitopes that were selected to have particularly good cross-reactive potential for the A-clade epidemic in Nairobi, Kenya. A DNA and MVA prime-boost vaccination protocol using the HIVA antigen will be used in a phase III clinical trial in Kenya. This epitope is included in the polyepitope string Hanke2000.
Multiple CD4+ or CD8+ T-cell vaccine-induced responses to peptide pools were detected using intracellular cytokine staining and IFNgamma Elispot assays after vaccination of 5 macaques. The response to the Mamu A*01 SIV p27 epitope p11C (CTPYDINQM), included in the polyepitope region, was not immunodominant in the Mamu A*01 vaccinated macaques, possibly because of processing limitations in context of the artificial polyepitope string Wee2002.

References

Hanke2000 Tomas Hanke and Andrew J. McMichael. Design and construction of an experimental HIV-1 vaccine for a year-2000 clinical trial in Kenya. Nat. Med., 6(9):951-955, Sep 2000. PubMed ID: 10973301. Show all entries for this paper.

Wee2002 Edmund G.-T. Wee, Sandip Patel, Andrew J. McMichael, and Tomáš Hanke. A DNA/MVA-Based Candidate Human Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine for Kenya Induces Multi-Specific T Cell Responses in Rhesus Macaques. J. Gen. Virol., 83(Pt 1):75-80, Jan 2002. PubMed ID: 11752703. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 53153

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(73-81)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	Env EL9
Subtype	B
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods	Chromium-release assay
Keywords	binding affinity, TCR usage, characterizing CD8+ T cells

Notes

Killing efficiency of CTLs and their ability to suppress viral replication is shown to depend more on epitope specificity than to antigenic avidity. Different clones recognizing the same epitope had similar killing efficiency despite their variation in avidity. Nef specific CTL clones tended to be most inhibitory, followed by Gag, then by RT specific clones, regardless of avidity.
4/14 CTL T-cell clones tested were specific for Env EL9. Under conditions of excess peptide (100ug/ml), there was no difference in their lytic potential; all possessed similar effector capacity. Avidity was measured as the sensitizing dose of peptide required for 50% of maximal killing (SD50), which varied from 20 pg/ml to 100 ng/ml, over four orders of magnitude for all 14 epitopes. The SD50 range for Env EL9 was 5,000 - 60,000 pg/ml.

References

Yang2003a Otto O. Yang, Phuong T. Nguyen Sarkis, Alicja Trocha, Spyros A. Kalams, R. Paul Johnson, and Bruce D. Walker. Impacts of Avidity and Specificity on the Antiviral Efficiency of HIV-1-Specific CTL. J. Immunol., 171(7):3718-3724, 1 Oct 2003. PubMed ID: 14500671. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 53367

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	( B consensus)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	EL9
Subtype	B
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Patient MHC/HLA	A28, A29, B14, B44, Cw8; A25, A32, B14, B8, Cw7, Cw8
Experimental methods	Chromium-release assay, Cytokine production, Flow cytometric T-cell cytokine assay, Intracellular cytokine staining
Keywords	assay or method development, memory cells, characterizing CD8+ T cells

Notes

Using a flow-cytometric cytotoxicity assay based on caspase-3 activation in dying target cells, it was shown that the subset of HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells secreting both IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha exhibit stronger cytotoxic activity than those secreting only IFN-gamma. These cells also exhibited stronger intracellular perforin expression. No association between HIV-1-specific CD8+ T-cell maturation phenotypes and intracellular perforin expression was found.
2/9 individuals recognized this epitope, presented by HLA-B14.

References

Lichterfeld2004b Mathias Lichterfeld, Xu G. Yu, Michael T. Waring, Stanley K. Mui, Mary N. Johnston, Daniel Cohen, Marylyn M. Addo, John Zaunders, Galit Alter, Eunice Pae, Daryld Strick, Todd M. Allen, Eric S. Rosenberg, Bruce D. Walker, and Marcus Altfeld. HIV-1-Specific Cytotoxicity Is Preferentially Mediated by a Subset of CD8+ T Cells Producing both Interferon-gamma and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha. Blood, 104(2):487-394, 15 Jul 2004. PubMed ID: 15059848. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 53761

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	Env(584-592)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
		Show epitope variants
Epitope Name	EL9
Subtype	B
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Patient MHC/HLA	A02, A68, B14, B52, C08, C12
Country	United States
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Chromium-release assay, Flow cytometric T-cell cytokine assay
Keywords	escape, characterizing CD8+ T cells, optimal epitope

Notes

HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell responses were persistent in the chronic phase of HIV-1 infection, although the responses to some of the epitopes declined despite the persistence of the targeted sequences in vivo. Only 4/14 epitopes were potential CTL escape variants, although strong responses to these epitopes persisted for 6 years. This indicates limited viral evolution within targeted CD8 T-cell epitopes during the chronic phase of infection.
The variant ERYLqDQQL was the only form of the epitope detected over a 6-year period in this person. Elispot reactions were reduced to the autologous form relative to the B clade consensus form, ERYLKDQQL.

References

Koibuchi2005a Tomohiko Koibuchi, Todd M. Allen, Mathias Lichterfeld, Stanley K. Mui, Kristin M. O'Sullivan, Alicja Trocha, Spyros A. Kalams, R. Paul Johnson, and Bruce D. Walker. Limited Sequence Evolution within Persistently Targeted CD8 Epitopes in Chronic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection. J. Virol., 79(13):8171-8181, Jul 2005. PubMed ID: 15956562. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 53783

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	EL9
Species (MHC/HLA)	(B14)
Immunogen
Experimental methods
Keywords	review, immunodominance, escape, acute/early infection, early-expressed proteins, kinetics, viral fitness and reversion

Notes

This review discusses the importance of 3 factors that impact the selection of immunodominant epitopes in acute HIV infection: i) the kinetics of viral protein expression, ii) the HLA class I background of the infected individual, and iii) the autologous sequence of the infecting virus. This is 1 of 12 peptides listed as immunodominant in acute HIV-1 infection.

References

Lichterfeld2005 Mathias Lichterfeld, Xu G. Yu, Sylvie Le Gall, and Marcus Altfeld. Immunodominance of HIV-1-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Responses in Acute HIV-1 Infection: At the Crossroads of Viral and Host Genetics. Trends Immunol., 26(3):166-171, Mar 2005. PubMed ID: 15745859. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 54343

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	B14-EL9(gp41)
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ
Keywords	rate of progression, immunodominance, early-expressed proteins

Notes

Immunodominant HIV epitopes in early, primary infection of CTLs were identified and the relative contributions of immune responses restricted to individual HLA class I molecules were studied.
This epitope-HLA combination was recognized. The most frequently recognized epitopes also elicited the greatest CTL response.
HIV-1 Epitope sequence variability was not correlated with immunodominant versus immune sub-dominant responses.
HLA-B*57 and HLA-B*27 restricted responses were the strongest in these early and acute infections - due to dominant responses to a single epitope in each case (TW10 for B*57 and KK10 for B*27).
In the presence of HLA-B*57 and HLA-B*27 restricted responses, the relative contributions of other restricting HLA dropped greatly.

References

Altfeld2006 Marcus Altfeld, Elizabeth T. Kalife, Ying Qi, Hendrik Streeck, Mathias Lichterfeld, Mary N. Johnston, Nicole Burgett, Martha E. Swartz, Amy Yang, Galit Alter, Xu G. Yu, Angela Meier, Juergen K. Rockstroh, Todd M. Allen, Heiko Jessen, Eric S. Rosenberg, Mary Carrington, and Bruce D. Walker. HLA Alleles Associated with Delayed Progression to AIDS Contribute Strongly to the Initial CD8+ T Cell Response against HIV-1. PLoS Med., 3(10):e403, Oct 2006. PubMed ID: 17076553. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 54886

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection, vaccine
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Flow cytometric T-cell cytokine assay
Keywords	vaccine-induced immune responses, characterizing CD8+ T cells

Vaccine Details

Vaccine type	canarypox, canarypox prime with recombinant protein boost
Vaccine strain	B clade BRU, B clade LAI, B clade MN, multiple epitope immunogen
Vaccine component	Gag, gp120, gp41, Nef, Pol, Protease

Notes

CD8+ T-cell function induced by HIV-1 immunogens and natural infection was compared. Natural infections consisted of early, chronic, and long term nonprogressors.
B27- and B57-restricted CD8+ T cells from nonprogressors exhibited greater expansion than those restricted by other alleles, providing an explanation for the observed association between HLA-B27/B57 and control of HIV-1 infection.

References

Horton2006 Helen Horton, Ian Frank, Ruth Baydo, Emilie Jalbert, Justin Penn, Sean Wilson, John P. McNevin, Matthew D. McSweyn, Deborah Lee, Yunda Huang, Stephen C. De Rosa, and M. Juliana McElrath. Preservation of T Cell Proliferation Restricted by Protective HLA Alleles Is Critical for Immune Control of HIV-1 Infection. J. Immunol., 177(10):7406-7415, 15 Nov 2006. PubMed ID: 17082660. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 815

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords

Notes

CTL specific for HIV epitopes were used to show that the mediators of both the cytolytic (granzyme A was used as the marker) and non-cytolytic (HIV-1 inhibitory chemokines MIP-1 α and RANTES were used as markers) anti-viral responses are localized within the CTL's cytotoxic granules.

References

Wagner1998b L. Wagner, O. O. Yang, E. A. Zepeda, Y. Ge, S. A. Kalams, B. D. Walker, M. S. Pasternack, and A. D. Luster. Beta-Chemokines Are Released from HIV-1-Specific Cytolytic T Cell Granules Complexed to Proteoglycans. Nature, 391:908-911, 1998. PubMed ID: 9495345. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 57943

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(73-81)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Epitope Name	EL9
Subtype	A1, B, C
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B14)
Immunogen	vaccine
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Intracellular cytokine staining
Keywords	vaccine-induced immune responses

Vaccine Details

Vaccine type	adenovirus
Vaccine strain	B clade HXB2, A clade 92RW020, C clade 97ZA012
Vaccine component	Env, Gag-Pol

Notes

The study evaluated vaccine-induced T-cell responses in 40 uninfected volunteers. 12 epitopes were targeted. Certain HLA alleles (B27, B57, B35, B14) were preferentially utilized, while other alleles (A02, B07) were rarely utilized. This preference was explained by 4 factors: higher affinity of specific peptides to specific HLAs, higher avidity of certain T-cell receptors, HLA and peptide interactions, and higher surface expression of certain HLAs.
5/5 B14-positive vaccinees responded to ERYLKDQQL. This epitope sequence is an exact match for 51% of M-clade and 51% of B-clade sequences in the LANL HIV sequence database.

References

Friedrich2011 David Friedrich, Emilie Jalbert, Warren L. Dinges, John Sidney, Alex Sette, Yunda Huang, M. Juliana McElrath, and Helen Horton. Vaccine-Induced HIV-Specific CD8+ T Cells Utilize Preferential HLA Alleles and Target-Specific Regions of HIV-1. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr., 58(3):248-252, 1 Nov 2011. PubMed ID: 21709567. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 58223

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp160( LAI)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Subtype	B
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods	Chromium-release assay
Keywords	immunodominance

Notes

Epitopes were identified in 3 conserved regions of gp160. CTL from 5/20 sujects recognized 3 overlapping immunodominant epitopes.
2/20 subjects recognized ERYLKDQQL in the context of both B14.

References

Shankar1996 P. Shankar, J. A. Fabry, D. M. Fong, and J. Lieberman. Three Regions of HIV-1 gp160 Contain Clusters of Immunodominant CTL Epitopes. Immunol. Lett., 52:23-30, 1996. PubMed ID: 8877415. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 57216

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	Env
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	(B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Country	Kenya
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ
Keywords	mother-to-infant transmission

Notes

HIV-1 peptide-specific IFN-γ responses were measured over the first year of life for vertically-infected infants. Late-infected infants (between months 1 and 12) had responses that were more rapid and more focused than those infected before 1 month of life.
2/2 infants tested recognized ERYLKDQQL.

References

Lohman-Payne2009 B. Lohman-Payne, J. A. Slyker, B. A. Richardson, C. Farquhar, M. Majiwa, E. Maleche-Obimbo, D. Mbori-Ngacha, J. Overbaugh, S. Rowland-Jones, and G. John-Stewart. Infants with Late Breast Milk Acquisition of HIV-1 Generate Interferon-gamma Responses More Rapidly than Infants with Early Peripartum Acquisition. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 156(3):511-517, Jun 2009. PubMed ID: 19438605. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 816

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(584-592)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords	HAART, ART

Notes

Two patients were followed before and after HAART -- reduced plasma HIV-1 RNA levels resulted in a decline in HIV in vivo activated specific CTL such that by day 260 CTL activities were undetectable.
ERYLKDQQL was the dominant response in one of the individuals, SLYNTVATL subdominant.
Sporadic breakthrough in viremia resulted in increases in CTLp.
Peptide-tetramer staining demonstrated that declining levels of in vivo-activated CTL were associated with a decrease in expression of CD38.
Memory CTL frequency directed against Vac-Gag, Vac-RT, Vac-Env, and Vac-Nef initially increased with HAART and then decreased with the decline of the viral load.

References

Kalams1999b S. A. Kalams, P. J. Goulder, A. K. Shea, N. G. Jones, A. K. Trocha, G. S. Ogg, and B. D. Walker. Levels of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Effector and Memory Responses Decline after Suppression of Viremia with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. J. Virol., 73:6721-6728, 1999. PubMed ID: 10400770. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 817

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(591-599 SF2)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords

Notes

Of 25 patients, most had CTL specific for more than 1 HIV-1 protein.
Eleven subjects had CTL that could recognize vaccinia-expressed LAI gp160.
One of these 11 had CTL response to this peptide.
The responding subject was HLA-A3, -A32, -B7, -B14.

References

Lieberman1997 J. Lieberman, J. A. Fabry, D. M. Fong, and G. R. Parkerson 3rd. Recognition of a Small Number of Diverse Epitopes Dominates the Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Response to HIV Type 1 in an Infected Individual. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 13:383-392, 1997. PubMed ID: 9075479. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 818

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(591-599 SF2)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
		Show epitope variants
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords	subtype comparisons

Notes

The consensus sequence for clades B, C, and D is ERYLKDQQL.
The consensus sequence for clade A is ERYLRDQQL and it is equally reactive.
The consensus sequence for clade E is ERYLKDQKF and it is not reactive.

References

Cao1997a H. Cao, P. Kanki, J. L. Sankale, A. Dieng-Sarr, Gail P. Mazzara, S. Kalams, B. Korber, S. M'Boup, and B. D. Walker. CTL Cross-Reactivity among Different HIV-1 Clades: Implications for Vaccine Development. J. Virol., 71:8615-8623, 1997. PubMed ID: 9343219. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 819

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 exposed seronegative
Experimental methods
Keywords	subtype comparisons, HIV exposed persistently seronegative (HEPS)

Notes

A CTL response was found in exposed but uninfected prostitutes from Nairobi using previously-defined B clade epitopes that tended to be conserved in A and D clades -- such cross-reactivity could protect against both A and D and confer protection in Nairobi where both subtypes are circulating.
The A and D subtype consensus are identical to the B clade epitope, ERyLkDQQL.
Database note: First author "RowlandJones" is also found as "Rowland-Jones" on annotated papers in this database.

References

RowlandJones1998b S. Rowland-Jones, T. Dong, P. Krausa, J. Sutton, H. Newell, K. Ariyoshi, F. Gotch, S. Sabally, T. Corrah, J. Kimani, K. MacDonald, F. Plummer, J. Ndinya-Achola, H. Whittle, and A. McMichael. The Role of Cytotoxic T Cells in HIV Infection. Dev. Biol. Stand., 92:209-214, 1998. In this paper CTL response to previously defined conserved epitopes was found in exposed but uninfected prostitutes in Nairobi. Subtypes A and D are circulating in this regions, and the reactive epitopes tended to be conserved. Similarly previous studies in the Gambia showed that exposed but uninfected prostitutes tended to have B35 presented CTL epitopes conserved between HIV-1 and HIV-2. It was suggested that what was special about B35 is simply that it presents epitopes found both in HIV-1 and HIV-2. PubMed ID: 9554277. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 820

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(584-592)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords

Notes

HIV IIIB proteins were used to define the range of CTL epitopes recognized by 3 lab workers accidentally infected with HIV-1 IIIB.

References

Sipsas1997 N. V. Sipsas, S. A. Kalams, A. Trocha, S. He, W. A. Blattner, B. D. Walker, and R. P. Johnson. Identification of Type-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses to Homologous Viral Proteins in Laboratory Workers Accidentally Infected with HIV-1. J. Clin. Invest., 99:752-762, 1997. To examine a situation where the autologous strain and the reference reagents would be the same, the CTL response of three lab workers accidentally infected with HIV IIIB was studied. Both group specific and type specific epitopes were targets for CTL clones. One subject had a broadening of CTL response over time, using a broad range of restricting HLA class I alleles. Characterization of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against HIV-1 has been limited by the use of target cells expressing viral proteins from laboratory isolates of HIV-1. This approach has favored identification of group-specific CTL responses and precluded assessment of the extent of type-specific CTL responses directed against HIV-1. Using cells expressing viral proteins from the HIV-1 IIIB strain, we performed a detailed characterization of HIV-1-specific CTL response in three laboratory workers accidentally infected with HIV-1 IIIB. Eight of the epitopes identified were group specific, lying in relatively conserved regions of Gag, reverse transcriptase, and envelope. Three type-specific epitopes were identified, two of them in highly variable regions of envelope. In longitudinal studies in one subject, seven different epitopes and five different restricting HLA class I alleles were identified, with a progressive increase in the number of CTL epitopes recognized by this subject over time. Our data demonstrate that type-specific CTL responses make up a significant proportion of the host cellular immune response against HIV-1 and that a broadening of epitope specificity may occur. PubMed ID: 9045880. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 821

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(584-592)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords

Notes

CD4+ cell lines acutely infected with HIV were studied to determine their susceptibility to lysis by CTL.
Clones specific for RT lysed HIV-1 infected cells at lower levels than Env or Gag specific clones.
The distinction was thought to be due to lower expression of RT relative to Env and Gag.
CTL can lyse infected cells early after infection, possibly prior to viral production.

References

Yang1996 O. O. Yang, S. A. Kalams, M. Rosenzweig, A. Trocha, N. Jones, M. Koziel, B. D. Walker, and R. P. Johnson. Efficient Lysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Cells by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes. J. Virol., 70:5799-5806, 1996. PubMed ID: 8709196. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 822

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(584-592)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods	CTL suppression of replication
Keywords

Notes

CTL inhibit HIV-1 replication at effector cell concentrations comparable to those found in vivo.
CTL produced HIV-1-suppressive soluble factors -- MIP-1α, MIP-1β, RANTES, after antigen-specific activation.
CTL suppress HIV replication more efficiently in HLA-matched cells.

References

Yang1997 O. O. Yang, S. A. Kalams, A. Trocha, H. Cao, A. Luster, R. P. Johnson, and B. D. Walker. Suppression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication by CD8+ Cells: Evidence for HLA Class I-Restricted Triggering of Cytolytic and Noncytolytic Mechanisms. J. Virol., 71:3120-3128, 1997. Although CD8+ lymphocytes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals have been demonstrated to suppress viral replication, the mechanisms of inhibition have not been defined precisely. A large body of evidence indicates that these cells act via soluble inhibitory factors, but the potential role of HLA class I-restricted cytolysis has remained controversial. Here we demonstrate that HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) mediate antiviral suppression by both cytolytic and noncytolytic mechanisms. The predominant mechanism requires direct contact of CTL with the infected cells, is HLA class I restricted, and can achieve complete elimination of detectable virus in infected cell cultures. Inhibition occurs even at high multiplicities of infection or at ratios of CTL to CD4 cells as low as 1:1,000. The other mechanism is mediated by soluble inhibitory factors which are triggered in an antigen-specific and HLA-restricted fashion but then act without HLA restriction. PubMed ID: 9060675. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 824

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(584-592 PV22)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords

Notes

Two overlapping CTL epitopes were mapped with different HLA restriction (also see YLKDQQLL HLA-B8)

References

Johnson1992 R. P. Johnson, A. Trocha, T. M. Buchanan, and B. D. Walker. Identification of Overlapping HLA Class I-Restricted Cytotoxic T Cell Epitopes in a Conserved Region of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoprotein: Definition of Minimum Epitopes and Analysis of the Effects of Sequence Variation. J. Exp. Med., 175:961-971, 1992. Fine mapping and mutational analysis of gp41 epitopes: ERYLKDQQL, HLA B14 and YLKDQQLL, HLA B8. PubMed ID: 1372650. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 826

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(584-592 PV22)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords

Notes

HIV-1 specific CTLs release γ-IFN, and α- and β-TNF.

References

Jassoy1993 C. Jassoy, T. Harrer, T. Rosenthal, B. A. Navia, J. Worth, R. P. Johnson, and B. D. Walker. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Release gamma Interferon, Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and TNF-beta when They Encounter Their Target Antigens. J. Virol., 67:2844-2852, 1993. In this study the ability of HIV-1-specific CTL clones derived from seropositive persons to release gamma interferon (IFN-$\gamma$), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-$\alpha$), and TNF-$\beta$ upon contact with target cells presenting viral antigen was assessed. Epitopes: p17: KIRLRPGGKKKYKLKHIVWASRELE, A3; gp41: VERYLKDQQL, B14 and A28, ERYLKDQQL, B14; RT: AIFQSSMTKILEPFRKQNPDIVIYQ, A11; and Nef SQRRQDILDLWIYHTQGYFPDWQNY, B13. PubMed ID: 7682629. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 827

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(584-592 HXB2)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Subtype	B
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords

Notes

Longitudinal study of T cell receptor usage in a single individual.
Persistence of oligoclonal response to this epitope for over 5 years.

References

Kalams1994 S.A. Kalams, R. P. Johnson, A. K. Trocha, M. J. Dynan, H. S. Ngo, R. T. D'Aquila, J. T. Kurnick, and B. D. Walker. Longitudinal Analysis of T Cell Receptor (TCR) Gene Usage by HIV-1 Envelope-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Clones Reveals a Limited TCR Repertoire. J. Exp. Med., 179:1261-1271, 1994. This paper presents an in-depth longitudinal study of T-cell receptor gene usage to a well defined HLA B14 restricted gp41 epitope. Ten CTL clones were derived from a single individual over 31 months. T-cell receptor V-D-J sequencing was performed on PCR amplification products. All ten clones utilized V$\alpha$14 and V$\beta$4 genes; observed limited T-cell receptor diversity to an immunodominant epitope was suggested to facilitate immune escape. gp41 epitope: ERYLKDQQL. An HLA B14 restricted RT epitope from this individual used V$\alpha$21 and V$\beta$14, showing use of these genes was not a feature of all HLA B14 restricted clones from this individual. RT epitope: AIYLALQDSGLEVNIVTDSQYALGI. PubMed ID: 8145043. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 828

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(584-592)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B14)
Immunogen	peptide-HLA interaction
Experimental methods
Keywords

Notes

Epitope studied in the context of HLA-B14 binding.

References

DiBrino1994b M. DiBrino, K. C. Parker, D. H. Margulies, J. Shiloach, R. V. Turner, M. Garfield, W. E. Biddison WE, and J. E. Coligan. The HLA-B14 Peptide Binding Site Can Accommodate Peptides with Different Combinations of Anchor Residues. J. Biol. Chem., 269(51):32426-32434, 1994. PubMed ID: 7528217. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 833

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41( subtype B)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
		Show epitope variants
Subtype	B
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B*14:02, B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 exposed seronegative
Experimental methods
Keywords	subtype comparisons

Notes

HIV-specific CTL were found in exposed seronegative prostitutes from Nairobi -- these CTL may confer protection.
Seroprevalence in this cohort is 90-95% and their HIV-1 exposure is among the highest in the world.
Most isolated HIV strains are clade A in Nairobi, although clades C and D are also found -- B clade epitopes are often cross-reactive, however stronger responses are frequently observed using A or D clade versions of epitopes.
This epitope is conserved among B and D clade viruses.
The Clade A version of the epitope is ERYLRDQQL.
Database note: First author "Rowland-Jones" is also found as "RowlandJones" on annotated papers in this database.

References

Rowland-Jones1998 S. L. Rowland-Jones, T. Dong, K. R. Fowke, J. Kimani, P. Krausa, H. Newell, T. Blanchard, K. Ariyoshi, J. Oyugi, E. Ngugi, J. Bwayo, K. S. MacDonald, A. J. McMichael, and F. A. Plummer. Cytotoxic T cell responses to multiple conserved HIV epitopes in HIV-resistant prostitutes in Nairobi. J. Clin. Invest., 102(9):1758-65, 1 Nov 1998. PubMed ID: 9802890. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 55292

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	Env
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
		Show epitope variants
Subtype	B
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B*14:02, B14)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Patient MHC/HLA	A1, A19, B35:01, B44, C16, Cw7; A02:01, A19, B14, B44, C16, Cw8
Country	United States
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ
Keywords	HAART, ART, mother-to-infant transmission, rate of progression, escape, co-receptor, mutation acquisition, HLA associated polymorphism

Notes

HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission is studied for LTNPs by comparing entire genomes from 2 mother (M1, M2) and 2 daughter (D1, D2) RNA samples of a mother-child pair over 11 years. Genetic distance was 94% between subjects' strains. Divergence in sequences was attributed to distinct HLA selection pressures as ds/dn was larger for intra- rather than inter-person sequences. 10 new mutations in D2 were found related to unique daughter HLA alleles.
Functional ELISpot studies using D2 and Nef peptides reveal strong associations between CTL responses and escape variants, contributing to delayed progression.
LTNP status was not related to defective virus since all viral genes were intact and CTL response did not effectively control viral load. It is supposed that genetic HLA background and HIV-1 epitope-immune response interaction account for nonprogression of disease.
All isolates contained R77Q in Vpr, a variation associated with reduction of cellular apoptosis.
This HLA-B14/B*1402 restricted epitope, ERYLKDQQL was mutated to ERYLrDQQL in the daughter D2 isolate.

References

Reinis2007 Milan Reinis, Barbara Weiser, Carla Kuiken, Tao Dong, Dorothy Lang, Sharon Nachman, Yonghong Zhang, Sarah Rowland-Jones, and Harold Burger. Genomic Analysis of HIV Type 1 Strains Derived from a Mother and Child Pair of Long-Term Nonprogressors. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 23(2):309-315, Feb 2007. PubMed ID: 17331038. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 54065

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	( C consensus)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Subtype	C
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B*14:01)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Country	South Africa
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ
Keywords	rate of progression, optimal epitope

Notes

A comprehensive analysis of 160 class I T cell responses in 578 individuals from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa was performed. Gag-specific responses were associated with lowering viremia, while Env, accessory and regulatory protein-specific responses were associated with higher viremia.
ERYLKDQQL is an optimal epitope.

References

Kiepiela2007 Photini Kiepiela, Kholiswa Ngumbela, Christina Thobakgale, Dhanwanthie Ramduth, Isobella Honeyborne, Eshia Moodley, Shabashini Reddy, Chantal de Pierres, Zenele Mncube, Nompumelelo Mkhwanazi, Karen Bishop, Mary van der Stok, Kriebashnie Nair, Nasreen Khan, Hayley Crawford, Rebecca Payne, Alasdair Leslie, Julia Prado, Andrew Prendergast, John Frater, Noel McCarthy, Christian Brander, Gerald H. Learn, David Nickle, Christine Rousseau, Hoosen Coovadia, James I. Mullins, David Heckerman, Bruce D. Walker, and Philip Goulder. CD8+ T-Cell Responses to Different HIV Proteins Have Discordant Associations with Viral Load. Nat. Med., 13(1):46-53, Jan 2007. PubMed ID: 17173051. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 825

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(584-592 PV22)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B*14:02)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords	optimal epitope, A-list

Notes

C. Brander notes this is a B*1402 epitope.

References

Llano2019 Anuska Llano, Samandhy Cedeño, Sandra Silva Arrieta, and Christian Brander. The 2019 Optimal HIV CTL Epitopes Update: Growing Diversity in Epitope Length and HLA restriction. 2019. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 57554

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Subtype	B
Species (MHC/HLA)	human(B44)
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Country	United Kingdom
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Tetramer binding
Keywords	acute/early infection, assay or method development

Notes

The study analyzed the kinetics of the HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell response in 21 acutely infected subjects. The first responses peaked at as early as 5 days, but were of limited epitope breadth. Responses of additional specificities expanded in subsequent waves, resulting in successive shifts in epitope immunodominance over time. The results document the preferential expansion of CD8+ T cells recognizing a subset of epitopes in acute infection and suggest that the initial T-cell response may influence the efficiency of viral containment in early infection.
Responses to ERYLKDQQL during acute/early infection were compared by IFN-γ ELISPOT and by tetramer immunolabeling. The magnitude of response was lower with ELISPOT. The kinetics was also different, with the peak of responses shifted with ELISPOT compared to tetramer immunolabeling.

References

Turnbull2009 Emma L. Turnbull, MaiLee Wong, Shuyi Wang, Xiping Wei, Nicola A. Jones, Karen E. Conrod, Diana Aldam, Jo Turner, Pierre Pellegrino, Brandon F. Keele, Ian Williams, George M. Shaw, and Persephone Borrow. Kinetics of Expansion of Epitope-Specific T Cell Responses During primary HIV-1 Infection. J. Immunol., 182(11):7131-7145, 1 Jun 2009. PubMed ID: 19454710. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 830

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(584-592)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords

Notes

Three out of five patients with HIV-1 symptomatic infection controlled their viral infection well and mounted an early, strong HIV-1 specific MHC restricted CTL response.
One of the three, study subject BORI, specifically recognized this peptide.

References

Borrow1994 P. Borrow, H. Lewicki, B. H. Hahn, G. M. Shaw, and M. B. Oldstone. Virus-Specific CD8+ Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Activity Associated with Control of Viremia in Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection. J. Virol., 68:6103-6110, 1994. PubMed ID: 8057491. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 56132

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	Env
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Patient MHC/HLA	A68:02, A74:01, B15:10, B49:01, C03:04, C07:01; A29:02, A36:01, B15:10, B42:01, C03:04, C17:01
Country	Kenya
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Proliferation
Keywords	assay or method development

Notes

To evaluate the use of IFN-gamma ELISpot and proliferation assays, the two were compared in a cohort of HIV-1-infected Kenyan sex-workers. ELISpot does not always correlate with viral load and replication or disease progression. The exclusive use of these assays makes definition of CTL response in disease incomplete, especially for memory T cells.
Despite assaying for 24 INF-gamma and 41 proliferative responses, only 5 of these responses overlapped in the same subject. 18 peptide-epitopes including 10 epitopes and their variants were used in this study.
ERYLKDQQL elicited proliferation alone in 3 subjects; and no ELISpot response.

References

McKinnon2008 Lyle R. McKinnon, T. Blake Ball, Charles Wachihi, Nyakio Chinga, Anne Maingi, Ma Luo, Keith R. Fowke, and Francis A. Plummer. Substantial Intrapatient Differences in the Breadth and Specificity of HIV-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Interferon-gamma and Proliferation Responses. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr., 49(2):123-127, 1 Oct 2008. PubMed ID: 18769359. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 53221

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp160(598-597 BORI, SUMA)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
		Show epitope variants
Epitope Name	gp160 EL9
Subtype	B
Species (MHC/HLA)	human
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Patient MHC/HLA	A11:03, A24:02, B14:02, B15:01, C08:02; BORI: A02, A29, B14, B44; SUMA: A11:03, A24:02, B14:02, B15:01, C08:02, C*12:03
Country	United States
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Chromium-release assay
Keywords	dynamics, immunodominance, escape, acute/early infection, autologous responses, optimal epitope

Notes

Primary CD8+ T-cell response to Env, Tat and Gag and the extent, kinetics and mechanisms of viral escape were examined in three patients. Rapid escape, within weeks from infection, from HIV specific CTL responses was observed in all three patients, but the kinetics and extent of the escape differed depending on the breadth and co-dominant distribution of CTL-mediated pressure. The two patients that rapidly declined had more focused immunodominant responses, while the single patient that had low viral load and stable CD4 counts for seven years had a broad co-dominant response and less escape.
The patient BORI had high viral loads and rapid CD4 decline. BORI mounted 8 detected responses. BORI did not control viral replication well, and escape mutations occurred early and in most epitopes, 6/7 that were precisely identified.
The patient SUMA maintained low viral loads and stable CD4 T cell counts through seven years of follow up. In contrast to more rapid progressors, WEAU and BORI, SUMA a broad response to 24 epitopes, with little immunodominance. Two peptides were somewhat more intensely recognized in acute infection, but this response leveled out early on.
Eleven variants in the ERYLKDQQL epitope were found in the patient BORI. ERYLKeQQp came up first at day 17 from onset of symptoms, but wasn't tested for escape properties. ERYLrDQQL came up next, by day 31, but didn't confer escape in a Cr release assay. By day 218, three variants were found, all of which gave a diminished response: ERYLtDQQL, ERYLqDQQL, and ERYLsDQQL. By day 556 a complex mixture was present, also including the ERYLmDQQL variant that gave a further reduction in the response, and many double mutants: ERYLmDQrL, ERYLmDrQL, ERYLmDQlL, ERYLtDQrL and ERYrtDQrL.
In SUMA, the only variation found in the 24 epitopes was in three overlapping epitopes in Tat, and in this gp160 epitope; variation accumulated early in infection in the Tat epitopes, but this epitope was stable until a sample 736 days post-infection, when only the ERYLqDQQL variant was detected. This variant was not tested with CTL from SUMA, but gave a diminished response in BORI.
Dynamics of this response are shown in Fig. S1 & S2 of Yang2019 which developed mathematical models with data from Jones2004. Yang2019 concluded that, in general, relative CTL response breadth increased moderately during the first symptomatic month and then remained relatively stable through the first 400 days post-infection. Analysis also suggested slow expansion kinetics for most HIV-specific CTL responses and the presence of intra- and interclonal competition.

References

Jones2004 Nicola A. Jones, Xiping Wei, Darren R. Flower, MaiLee Wong, Franziska Michor, Michael S. Saag, Beatrice H. Hahn, Martin A. Nowak, George M. Shaw, and Persephone Borrow. Determinants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Escape from the Primary CD8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Response. J. Exp. Med., 200(10):1243-1256, 15 Nov 2004. PubMed ID: 15545352. Show all entries for this paper.

Yang2019 Yiding Yang, and Vitaly V. Ganusov. Defining Kinetic Properties of HIV-Specific CD8(+) T-Cell Responses in Acute Infection. Microorganisms, 7(3):microorganisms7030069 doi, Mar 2019. PubMed ID: 30836625 Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 823

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	gp41(584-592)
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Experimental methods
Keywords

Notes

Study of cytokines released by HIV-1 specific activated CTL.

References

Price1995 P. Price, R. P. Johnson, D. T. Scadden, C. Jassoy, T. Rosenthal, S. Kalams, and B. D. Walker. Cytotoxic CD8+ T Lymphocytes Reactive with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Produce Granulocyte/Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Variable Amounts of Interleukins 2, 3, and 4 following Stimulation with the Cognate Epitope. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol., 74:100-106, 1995. Cytokine release from stimulated CTL clones derived from either the peripheral blood or CSF of 3 patients was studied. HLA restriction was determined for two of seven clones. GM-CSF and TNF-$\alpha$ and IFN-$\gamma$ were produced by all clones; most clones produced low amounts of IL-2, IL-3, and IL-4. PubMed ID: 7527747. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 58265

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location	Env
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Country	Kenya
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ
Keywords	rate of progression

Notes

To test whether CTL proliferation is a cause or result of immune protection, 31 ART-naive subjects in the chronic phase of HIV-1 infection were followed longitudinally for 121 person-years for Env-specific responses. Delayed disease progression was strongly correlated with CTL proliferation. Age, baseline viral load (VL), IFN-gamma EliSpot responses were not predictors of disease progression.
Env epitope ERYLKDQQL stimulated peak EliSpot response in 1 subject, and stimulated peak proliferation response in . 2 of the subjects had peak proliferative response to ERYLKDQQL, and one of the subjects had reached disease end point.

References

McKinnon2012 Lyle R. McKinnon, Rupert Kaul, Joshua Kimani, Nico J. Nagelkerke, Charles Wachihi, Keith R. Fowke, Terry Blake Ball, and Francis A. Plummer. HIV-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Proliferation Is Prospectively Associated with Delayed Disease Progression. Immunol. Cell Biol., 90(3):346-351, Mar 2012. PubMed ID: 21606945. Show all entries for this paper.

Displaying record number 54912

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HXB2 Location	gp160(584-592) gp41(73-81) DNA(7974..8000)	gp160 Epitope Map
Author Location
Epitope	`ERYLKDQQL`	Epitope Alignment
Species (MHC/HLA)	human
Immunogen	HIV-1 infection
Patient MHC/HLA	014A-006: A01:01, B08:01, B14:01, C07:02, C*08:02
Experimental methods	CD8 T-cell Elispot - IFNγ, Flow cytometric T-cell cytokine assay
Keywords	vaccine-induced immune responses, acute/early infection

Notes

T cell responses during early infection in individuals previously enrolled in HIV vaccine trials were compared with those of nonvaccinated subjects.
None of the breakthrough infections possessed vaccine-induced T-cell responses preinfection and 85-86% of vaccinees and nonvaccinees with primary infection developed T-cell responses postinfection, indicating that vaccinees' ability to mount T-cell response postinfection is not compromized by previous immunization.
Breakthrough subjects recognized 43 T-cell epitopes, 8 of them novel, and 25% were present in the vaccine.
ERYLKDQQL was recognized by the placebo patient 014A-006 after infection.

References

Horton2006a Helen Horton, Colin Havenar-Daughton, Deborah Lee, Erin Moore, Jianhong Cao, John McNevin, Thomas Andrus, Haiying Zhu, Abbe Rubin, Tuofu Zhu, Connie Celum, and M. Juliana McElrath. Induction of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Specific T-Cell Responses in HIV Vaccine Trial Participants Who Subsequently Acquire HIV-1 Infection. J. Virol., 80(19):9779-9788, Oct 2006. PubMed ID: 16973582. Show all entries for this paper.